0. Intangiriro: Umwuka wo kwifuza impinduka ntukadutere kurangara

Mu kinyarwanda abakuru bakunze guca umugani bagira bati „ Abatutira batongana batura ukubiri“, bityo ntangije uwo mugani iyi nyandiko ngira ngo ngire icyo mvuga ku biriho muri iki gihe cyane cyane bijyanye n‘icyo bamwe bakunze kwita leta, cyangwa se Gouvernement y‘u Rwanda ikorera mu buhungiro. Nk‘uko abo twabiganiriyeho bihagije babizi, kuba ntajya imbizi n‘ibyo bise leta ku mpamvu zinyuranye, ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo kugendera ku marangamutima. Gushyiraho leta ikorera mu buhungiro abantu uko bishakiye, bisa no gutesha agaciro ihame ubwaryo bw‘icyo bita „leta“, bigatanga n‘isura y‘igihirahiro abantu barimo, ikimenyetso mbese ko ibyo abantu bari barubakiyeho byataye agaciro ku buryo batakimenya ayo bacira n‘ayo bamira mu kuba bagena isura ya systeme y‘ubutegetsi baba bifuza mu gihe kizaza.

Nashoboraga kuguma muri silence kuri iki kibazo, bitavuze ko ntari mfite icyo nabivugaho cyangwa se kwandika. Ntabwo rero byatewe n‘uko plume nandikishgaga yaba yarahagaze, ahubwo ni uko ari ikibazo nagombaga kugendamo avec délicatesse, bitewe n‘uko hari byinshi naba mpuriyeho n‘abavuga ko bahagarariye iyo leta, cyangwa bakaba nyine bavuga ko bayishyigikiye. Bamwe muri abo, cyane mu batigaragaza ntitwabuze ubuzima duhuriramo, haba mu mashuri, mu kazi cyane cyane ab‘abapadiri muri bo, bamwe ndetse twigiye igihe kimwe mu Nyakibanda. Nta gitangaje rero ko  njyewe ubwanjye ubu nibaza aho ibyo bikorwa bijyanye no gushinga leta twaba twarabyigiye mu iseminari, bityo ngahamya ko n‘ubwo hari abashaka kubyitiranya na Kiliziya gatolika twarerewemo, ko ibyo bikorwa ntaho bihuriye n‘uburere n‘inyigisho twaherewe mu gipadiri. Nkaba nsanga rero ibi byo gushinga leta ari ugutandukira, kandi hari n‘impamvu nyinshi zerekana ko hariho guhusha gukomeye mu byo bamwe bakora ubu babyita ko ari ugukora politiki!

Nashoboraga rero kuguma muri iyo silence, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kubaha abo twakoranye cyangwa se tugahurira muri byinshi, ariko rero si byiza kugwa mu gishuko cyo guhishira ibitari byo. Byaba ari ugukorera ku marangamutima kutavuga ku bibazo biboneka neza ko byagira ingaruka ku banyarwanda, byaba biturutse ku bushake bwo kwirinda ko hari uyu n‘uyu byatera frustration cyangwa se tout simplement kwanga kwiteranya. Ariko kandi iyo nitegereje ibikorwa muri iki gihe bijyanye n‘ibyo bita bamwe ko ari gouvernement, bihita binyibutsa amateka atari meza yabanjiririje ishyano ryo mu 1994, aho abiyitaga abanyapolitiki bashya mu mashyaka bagaragaje amateurisme barakabya, ibyo bigira ingaruka zo kubika igihugu mu manga nk‘uko twese twabibonye. Iyo rero witegereje neza ibiriho bivugwa, cyangwa se bikorwa n‘iyo leta nyine yo mu buhungiro, nsanga ntaho bitaniye n‘iyo amateurisme ya politiki itarigeze icika muri bamwe, bityo hakabaho kwibwira ko gushyushya imitwe y‘abantu (populisme en politique) bigira uruhare mu guhindura ibintu, ariko nk‘uko twese tubizi, politiki  ikorwa n‘imitwe ihoze, itekereza bishyitse, bityo igakorwa igamije inyungu rusange. Ntabwo rero twasubira mu makosa yariho muri za 92-93, ngo habeho guterana amagambo ameze nk‘aho asura urwimo ngo ibyo byitwe politiki! Kuvugira abarengana, oui; kwamagana ingoma y‘igitugu, oui; ariko iyo byahindutsemo amatiku, amakimbirane, menaces, kuvuga ibinyoma, guhimbahimba inkuru, guteranya abantu n‘imiryango, gukoresha ijambo ry‘Imana mu nyungu zo kwibasira abantu runaka… Ibyo byose bigayitse ni ibyo kwamaganirwa kure

Muri rusange kandi navuga ko intandaro yo gutekereza kwandika birambuye ubu kuri iyo leta ikorera mu buhungiro, ni impaka za ngo turwane abantu bajya ku nkoranyambaga, cyane cyane mvuga ku byerekeye umwe mu bategarugori uzwi cyane mu guhirimbanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, uwitwa Sylvie Mukankiko ubu ugaragara cyane kuri youtube. Muri iki gihe uraganira n‘abantu ukumva bagira bati „nimureke uwo mugore wasaze!“ Ku giti cyanjye nsanga kuvuga ko Sylvie Mukankiko yasaze atari byo, kandi uretse uwakwirengagiza, buri wese washyira imbere argument y‘ubusazi kuri ibyo atekereje yabona ko ari ugushaka igisubizo cya hafi ku biriho. Ahari umwotsi haba hari umuriro. Ntabwo rero kwita umuntu umusazi aribyo bikemura ibibazo bivugwa kandi biboneka ko ibyo avuga bifite ishingiro. Umuntu ashobora gukabya mu magambo, yewe akaba yavuga anatukana, birumvikana ntawe bishimisha iyo bimugezeho. Ariko nanone,  niba gutukana biherekejwe n‘ingingo zumvikana, ni kuki rero izo ngingo zitakwigwaho, bitabaye gushaka igisubizo cya hafi, ngo ubwo uriya yavuze atukana ni uko yasaze! Kuri ibyo rero mbisubiremo, njye ntabwo nemera ko Madame Mukankiko ari umusazi, bityo zimwe mu ngingo avugaho ndashaka kwerekana agaciro kazo, mpereye ku byiyumviro byanjye bwite kuri ibyo byiswe ko ari leta ikorera mu buhungiro.

Nakwifuje ko iyi itaba inyandiko irambiranye mu gusoma, bityo ndagerageza guhina ingingo uko bishoboka, hanyuma kandi umusomyi akaba yagerageza kwihitirmo ingingo yumva yafatira igihe cyo gutekerezaho, si ngombwa rero gusoma inyandiko yose. Na none ariko ngasaba uzumva yagira icyo abivugaho kuba yabikoraho comment, cyangwa se akanyandikira ubwange anyungura inama z‘uko abantu bakwiye kwifata iyo batuweho inzego z‘ubutegetsi batashyizeho, ariko zemeza ko zibahagarariye, bityo hagashakishwa icyakorwa, bitabaye ko abishyizeho nka guvernoma bahutazwa, ahubwo hakaba harebwa icyakorwa kugira ngo ibintu bifate injyana kandi abantu bashyire mu gaciro! Ndumva rero mfite impamvu ihagije yo kuba nagira icyo mvuga kuri ibyo bya leta yo mu buhungiro.

Ukurikira neza inyandiko ari bwibonere impamvu nzi neza ibyo mvuga kurusha ahari undi uwari wese wabyitereramo adasobanukiwe! Aha byumvikane neza kandi ko ntemeranywa na Madame Mukankiko ku bitekerezo bya politiki agenderaho, aho agira ati ibintu byose byapfiriye aho abahutu barangaye batobye ibyavuye muri revolisiyo ya Kayibanda ubundi igihugu kizamba ubwo. Ntabwo aribyo kuko leta ya Kayibanda itashoboye gukemura  ikibazo cy‘impunzi z‘abatutsi, ab‘imbere mu gihugu nabo bagahohoterwa hato na hato iyo habagaho ibitero by‘inyenzi cyangwa za muyaga mu mashuri, ibyo rero byayigizeho ingaruka ziremereye. Byaba bitaraturutse ku bushake bwa politiki, ariko icyo kibazo ku byerekeye abatutsi cyagombaga kuzagira ingaruka uko byagenda kose ku gihugu. Leta yakurikiye iya Kayibanda yagerageje gukosora ibyari byarananirinye, cyane cyane ishyira priorité mu kabanisha mu bumwe n‘amahoro amako ahora ahaganye, mu gihe ikibazo cy‘impunzi cyari mu nzira yo gukemuka Inkotanyi ziratera byose zibihindura zero. Intangiriro y‘ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana nibyo yabayemo urugomo rwagiriwe abatangije revolusiyo. Icyo ni ikibazo kitaganiriweho bihagije ngo hashakwe impamvu ibyo byabayeho, ngo bibe ko abantu babasha kubabarirana bakiyunga. Ibyo birakomeza gutera abantu gukimbirana aho kurebera hamwe uko bakwivana mu bibazo by‘inzitane biterwa n‘ubutegetsi buriho. Ni gute rero abantu bavuga ko bafatanyije urugamba rwo kwibohora ngo bikunde, cyane cyane iyo abantu batitabiriye amashyaka ya opposition muri za 92-93 bagerekwaho en bloc kuba babazwa ibyabaye muri 73!? Ibyo nibyo bamwe baheraho bavuga ngo nta gihugu kizongera kujya mu maboko y‘interahamwe, ukibaza ushinjwa ubwo buterahamwe ari nde uwo butareba nawe akaba nde!

Niba  ibyo bise leta yo mu buhungiro byaratangiriye kuri bene izo ressentiments ziri mu bantu, ni gute ibyo bitari guteza amacakubiri n‘imyiryane? Ntabwo rero habaho kujijwa ngo abantu babe bayoberwa ideologie ivugwa ko ariyo yahagarukije icyiswe leta yo mu buhungiro, aho bamwe basanga habaho revolusiyo ikoreye reference kuri 1959. Birumvikana ko nyuma yo kunenga iyo nkundura yari itangiye biboneka ko yasopanya abantu, habayeho ibyo kugerageza gushyira mu gaciro, mbese mu bigaragara bikaba byaboneka ko yaba ari Inkundura ireba abahutu n‘abatutsi muri rusange. Aha hakaba kwibaza niba koko abatutsi ibyo babyiyumvamo, niba hari ababyiyumvamo abo ni bande, bahagarariye bande? Aha niho hatangiye imvugo zita abanyarwanda bamwe ko ari abavantara n‘ibindi, bityo ukaba wakwibaza bamwe mu bitabiriye iryo bohorwa rivugwa niba batarabikoze mu rwego rwo gukomeza guhembera imyiryane mu bantu. Ibyo aribyo byose desaccord iboneka niyo ubu yumvikana mu magambo ya Mukankiko, ibyo bikaba bikomeje guteza ibimeze nk‘imvururu ku nkoranyambaga.

Inkundura yo kwerekana ko akarengane kagirirwa abahutu gakabije irumvikana koko, ariko kandi umwaryane uri muri bo nawo ntuboroheye, ubyitegereza neza akabona ko populisme ishyirwa imbere n‘iyo leta ivugwa ko ikorera mu buhungiro ibigiramo uruhare muri uko kuvurungana. Si iyo rero ibyo biri kuba bisa nk‘aho bikozwe mu izina ry‘amatorero asenga Imana, bitewe n‘ibyo abavuga ko bayoboye bemera cyangwa se ababibashyigikiyemo, urasanga ibyo ari ugutandukira gukabije. Nk‘uko bivugwa ngo abantu ubu bakaba barigabanyijemo amakipi yigana ibyo gutera umupira, hakaba abakora za attaques, abajya muri defenses, abari mu izamu, abakora distribution… hakaba kurwanya abitambika imbere cyangwa se „abatandaraje“, ugize icyo anenga akitwa Umuhutu w‘ikigoryi n‘ibindi n‘ibindi twumva. Birakwiye rero ko abantu barushaho kurangwa n‘ubushishozi, ibyo gutandukira hitwajwe leta yishyizeho kimwe no gukinisha abaturage b‘igihugu bikazibukirwa inzira zikigendwa!

1. Kubera iki Leta yo mu buhungiro, byari ngombwa ko ijyaho, yari ikenewe?

Mu mezi ya mbere y‘umwaka wa 2020 nibwo nabonye inkuru z‘uruhurirane zinyikubiseho, zitunguranye. Ndavuga gutungurana kuko nari maze igihe nsa n‘uwihungije ibibazo binyuranye buvugwa mu Rwanda. Ntabwo ibyo byari bisanzwe kuri njye ko nsa n‘uwihungije ibyo bibazo, ariko ibihe nari ndimo ntibyatumaga mbona akanya nyuma y‘akazi, ikindi kandi sinabashaga kubona igihe gihagije naharira communication, hakaba se n‘abatari bacyifuza ko tuvugana biturutse ku mibonere yanjye y‘ikemurwa ry‘ibibazo bivugwa mu Rwanda. Sinshaka ibi kubyinjiramo cyane, ariko usesengura wese yabasha kubona ko kubera positions zanjye ku bibazo biterwa na RPF mu Rwanda, ntabwo nahiriwe n‘uko ibyo byankururira abakunzi benshi! Muri rusange ariko ibyo ntabwo byashoboraga kunca intege, ariyo mpamvu nyine nanjye nagiraga nti reka nisuganye, niyubake uko nshoboye, ntawe uterwa nawe ngo yitere! Muri ayo mezi atangira 2020, nibwo namenye iby‘iyicwa ry‘Umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo, nanjye nkaba umwe mu bakunzi b‘ibihangano bye! Icyo gihe nihatira kubwira benshi mu bakunzi ba Kizito kwihangana no gukomera, dore ko hari abantu benshi nyine banyandikiye, bagaragaza ko bashegeshwe, bose nkababwira ko ikiruta muri ibyo byose ari ukugumana sereinité.

Kwica umuhanzi ukunzwe n‘abanyarwanda byagombaga gutera amarangamutima mabi mu bantu, ninacyo urebye uwabikoze yaba yaragamije. Wabonaga ko hariho ubushake bwo gutera abantu kwivumbura ku butegetsi, ibyo byakurikirwa no gukaraba inkaba mu baturage. Sibwo bwaba ubwa mbere FPR ishotora abaturage yivugana umuntu ukunzwe nabo bikabyara imvururu yo ibyaza umusaruro. Kuba hari abumvise urwo rugomo rwagiriwe uwo muhanzi rwarabakanguye, bikabatera gusakabaka, byashobora kumvikana nk‘umutego wa FPR Inkotanyi kuko si ubwa mbere ibigenza ityo ifite icyo igamije. Ikibazo buri wese yakwibaza aha, ibyo gusakabaka hirya no hino bimaze imyaka irenze ibiri, byahinduye iki uretse gukaza urugomo Inkotanyi zongereye mu baturage?! Aha rero niho usanga iyi ari imwe mu mpamvu habayeho bamwe kwitabira ibivugwa ko ari leta yo mu buhungiro, ibyo gucana ku maso bitangira ubwo, ariko ababyitabiriye ukaba wakwibaza ngo, bitabiriye iyo leta babanje gutekereza ku buryo yagiyeho n‘icyo igamije by‘ukuri?

Ibyo aribyo byose ibibazo by‘indwara ya Corona Virus byivanzemo muri ibyo bihe byabaye nk‘ibikajije ukurenganya abantu mu gihugu mu Rwanda imbere, hanyuma mu banyarwanda bari hanze nabo iterana ry‘amagambo n‘abari mu gihugu rirushaho kwiyongera. Amakuru n‘ibiganiro kuri za youtube, ahandi amanama yorohejwe na programme ya zoom aba menshi, amagambo aravugwa abantu bacika ururondogoro. Ku giti cyanjye nagerageje kwiha limite ku byerekeye amanama ya zoom yasabwaga hirya no hino, kuko uretse no gutwara abantu umwanya muremure wasangaga bikaza n‘amatiku aba asanzwe mu banyarwanda. Amanama akoze ku buryo virtuel ugasanga nta kivamo gifatika ugereranyije n‘igihe kiba cyahatakariye. Ikindi kandi kuba abantu bakurikirana amachanels uruhuri avuga ibintu urebye byenda gusa, bikaba bimwe mu bitesha abantu umwanya kurusha uko byazana impinduka ziba zivugwa ko zifuzwa. Uwo mwuka mushya rero w‘inkoranyambaga zifuza impinduka wanteye kujya nongera no gukurikirana ibibera mu Rwanda, ariko nabwo ntabitayeho igihe kinini cyangwa se ngo nitabire ibyo gukanda aho abayoutubers bose baba bahamagarira abantu mu rwego rwo kubona abarebyi benshi, biboneka ko bifuza ko byagira icyo byabinjiriza nk‘uko bivugwa! Ni ukuvuga rero ko abavuga cyane ibya politiki kuri ayo machanels bishoboka ko haba hihishe inyuma no kuba bakuramo amafranga, intego y‘ibanze ntibibe kuba zaba ari inyungu z‘abaturage ziba zishyizwe imbere nk‘uko biboneka.

Urupfu rwa Kizito Mihigo, ibya Corona na confinement nk‘uko nabikomojeho ntibyaherereye aho gusa, kuko byazanye n‘ikibazo kidasanzwe niyemeje ubu kuvugaho, aricyo kijyanye na leta ikorera mu buhungiro, biboneka ko abayishyizeho bahereye kuri iyo conjoncture kugirango berekane ireme ryayo, bityo kubaho kwa leta yo mu buhungiro wabisuzuma neza ukabona ko harimo ikintu cya opportunisme! Ibi bya Guvernoma nk‘uko ababizi twabivuganyeho, bikaba ari bintu namaganiye kure guhera mu ntangiriro. Nari nsanzwe nzi ko hari umupadiri washyizeho leta ikorera mu buhungiro, nanavuga ko ari n‘umuvandimwe kuko twahuriye kuri byinshi, ariko uko nibukaga, iyo leta ye yari yarabanje gushyiraho mbere yageze ubwo isa n‘iyisenye, nk‘uko njye nanabonaga mbere hose ko ari ko bizagenda kuva iby‘iyo guvernoma bivuzwe. Ibi kubera ko nzi abantu bandi mbere bagiye bashyiraho za guvernoma mu myaka yashize, nanjye ubwanjye hari abigize bangira Ministri muri Guvernoma yari yarakozwe n‘uwitwa Marara Christian, ariko umwe mu bari bashyizwemo witwa Ndahayo Eugene atwumvisha uburyo ibyo bintu byo gushyiraho leta ikorera hanze nta musaruro, bityo rero iyo guvernoma twanga dutyo kuyitabira! Ntabwo rero nashobora kumva impamvu undi ashyizeho guvernoma mu gihe iyo experience yagaragaje kenshi ko nta musaruro, cyane cyane ko ntabonaga igishya uwo uvuga guvernoma azanye, ikindi ikaba itanahagarariye tendences z‘abanyarwanda mu mashyirahamwe babarizwamo, ibyo bikaba rero binyuranye na guvernoma ya Marara yari ivuye mu mitwe inyuranye ya politiki iri hanze, ariko tukaza gusanga nyine nta musaruro ibyo bishobora gutanga!

Gushyiraho leta ikorera mu buhungiro ivugwa ubu guhera muri 2020, nk‘uko nabikomojeho, byaje byitura ku bantu ntawe umenye iyo ibyo biturutse, cyane cyane ko byaje biherekejwe n‘ikwirakwizwa ry‘ibihuha njye ntigeze mpa agaciro na gato. Nagiye rero kubona abantu bahuruye nk‘iya gatera, bati Prezida w‘u Rwanda uriho yarapfuye, none nihajyeho leta huti huti, ndetse bamwe ntibatinya kuvuga ngo nimbere Premier ministre uwo Prezida mushya bavugaga ko bashyizeho, n‘ubwo ntumva ari izihe nzira byari biciyemo ngo ashyirweho. Ibyo rero narabyamaganye cyane nk‘uko bamwe babyibuka ku mbuga, bamwe bati niba ndashyigikiye iyo leta yashyizweho ngo nirinde kuyirwanya, ngo kandi nibuke ko uwo wagizwe Prezida ari nk‘aho ari umuvandimwe wanjye (mu gipadiri), niba mfite icyo nenga nimusange mu gikari n‘ibindi uko bigenda ubu ku nkoranyambaga! Nti simbyanze, ariko kandi sinjya nemera ibintu byo kwinjira mu bintu bifutamye, ikindi kandi uwo  uvuga ko ari umuvandimwe mu gipadiri ajya gutangira iyo politiki ntiyangishije inama. Numvaga ko niba banavuga ko Prezida w‘u Rwanda yapfuye, ko ibyo atari impamvu yo kugira illusion ko kumusimbura byoroshye. Ntibyatinze icyakora twumva ko Guvernoma yashyizweho, ubwo niho hatangiye n‘inkuru zitava ku Nkoranyambaga ko Prezida w‘u Rwanda atakiriho, anamwalira n‘ibindi bitabuze gushitura bamwe no kwishimirwa n‘abumva barambiwe iby‘akarengane mu Rwanda. Ibyo kuvuga ko Prezida yapfuye bityo akadirishya ko gufata ubutegetsi kakaba kabonetse kuri njye numvaga ari nonsense, cyane cyane ko wabonaga hariho ikintu kimeze nka triomphe ngo umwanzi yarapfuye, ukibaza muri abo bose babyishimiye uwabigizemo uruhare ngo uwapfuye apfe ukabiyoberwa. Ibyo rero byatumye nkomeza kugaragaza méfiance kuri ibyo byerekeye leta yo mu buhungiro, cyane cyane ko hariho ibindi byo gukorwa biruta kwirirwa abantu bagabagabana imyanya muri leta y‘igihugu badafite!

Urebye muri byo byose, ikibazo cyari kihutirwa ku bantu mu by‘ukuri si ugushyiraho leta ikorera mu buhungiro, ahubwo umutego bamwe basaga n‘abirengagiza ni uko muri icyo gihe leta ya FPR yari imaze gusohora inyandiko ziri mu bitabo by‘imitumba zuzuye ibinyoma gusa, ibyo bitabo bikaba byarambikaga abantu banyuranye icyasha cya genocide, benshi badafite aho bahuriye n‘ibyo. Noneho aho kugira ngo abantu bihatire kubeshyuza ibyo bicurano by‘ibinyoma, ahubwo ugasanga bahugiye mu byo gushyiraho ameleta n‘imyanya muri gouvernement. Mu by‘ukuri ku giti cyanjye navuga ko kubeshyuza ibyo binyoma bya FPR byamfashe umwanya n‘imbaraga zidasanzwe, bityo nakomeje kubona neza ko abantu bahugiye mubyo gushyiraho leta y‘ubuhungiro ari umutego ukomeye barimo, kuko twari guherera mu bintu bidafite agaciro, mu gihe ibitabo bya CNLG na FPR byari kuba ari icyasha cyanditse ku bantu, ibyo binyoma byari kuzajya bimirwa bunguri na générations zizaza. Ntabwo rero guta umwanya muri za gouvernoma yo hanze y‘igihugu byari gutuma dufata umwanya wo gutekereza ku migambi mibisha ya FPR Inkotanyi mu kwegekaho abantu urusyo, bityo kwirirwa abantu bamagana ibyo Inkotanyi ziri gukora ubu biyibagije ikibazo kiriho, byahise bingaragariza neza ko iyo leta iri gushyirwaho mu buhungiro yaba yicaye neza mu mutego wa FPR. By‘amahirwe gukora inyandiko zibeshyuza ibya CNLG twabishyizemo umwete, ku buryo nakwizera ko niba nta cyahindutse hagati aho, umuryango wa Riprodhor waba warabashije gusohora igitabo cyo kubeshyuza twakoze, nkaba nizera kandi ko niba nta kidobya zaba zarabayemo ko arguments zibeshyuza twatanze zahawe agaciro.

Ikindi ntabura gukomozaho cyanshishaga cyane muri iyo nkundura ngo yo gushyiraho leta yo hanze, ni ibitekerezo byavumbutse ntari nsanzwe numva mu bantu ngo bijyanye no gusubiza icyubahiro Ex Prezida Gregoire Kayibanda. Ntabwo nabashije gusobanukirwa aho iyo nkundura iturutse n‘icyo igamije mu by‘ukuri mu guhangana n‘akaga kazanywe mu gihugu na FPR Inkotanyi, ariko sinabuze kwibaza nti kuki rero Kayibanda nyuma y‘iki gihe cyose gishize, kuko twari muri 2020 tutakiri mu myaka ya za 60, bityo ko hariho ibibazo bishya bikeneye ibisubizo bishya. Mu bahamagariraga abantu rero kwitabira leta yo mu buhungiro harimo igitekerezo numva gifutamye, ngo nk‘uko abantu babigenje muri 59 ngo birasaba ko hongera kubaho revolusiyo nk‘iyo yabaye icyo gihe. Bamwe rero ntibatinye kuvuga ko inshingano ya mbere leta yo mu buhungiro ngo yaba ari ukwigisha abantu gukora revolusiyo, ku giti cyanjye nkibaza niba revolusiyo koko itegurwa, cyangwa se nyine yaba ari ibyago bigwiririye abantu! Gusa ikibazo aha si uko gutegurwa kwa revolusiyo, ahubwo ikibazo kiremereye cyari icyo cyo gufatira reference kuri revolusiyo y‘abarwanashyaka ba 59! Ese koko realités ubu ni zimwe? Icyo nicyo nakomezaga kwibaza. Ku ngoma ya cyami imbaraga zari zifitwe n‘ababiligi, ni ukuvuga une puissance plus ou moins neutre mu kibazo cy‘abahutu n‘abatutsi. Nta ntwaro zifatika urebye abantu bo muri za 59 bari bafite. Ubu ariko noneho RPF ifite intwaro zikomeye yigwijeho. Revolusiyo rero y‘abaturage ikaba yahera kuki ubwo ngubwo!? Gutegura Revolusiyo yicisha abaturage ibyo numva ari nonsense.

Naje rero gusanga aho haba harimo umutego gushyiraho leta yo mu buhungiro ngo ihamagarira abantu gukora revolusiyo. Ikindi kandi cyari giteye impungenge nkurikije inyandiko zacicikanaga ku nkoranyambaga, ni aho abantu bandikaga bavuga ngo FPR Inkotanyi ivuye mu nzira nihakorwe ibishoboka byose ngo igihugu kitazongera gutegekwa n‘interahamwe. Mu by‘ukuri icyo cyari mu bya mbere bituma abantu bamwe bahamagarira abandi ngo bashyigikire guvernoma yo mu buhungiro, ariko ntibabone nabwo umutego barimo. Kwita abantu Interahamwe ngo ni uko bakuriye muri systeme ya MRND, aha abantu barirengagiza ko uretse imyaka iyinga itatu y‘amashyaka mbere gato ya 94, ko mu by‘ukuri nta muntu n‘umwe utarabarizwaga muri MRND. Gushaka kwegeka abantu rero ho MRND ngo ni uko batitabiriye amashyaka muri za 92-93, aya akaba yaragize n‘uruhare rukomeye mu gushyira akajagari mu gihugu, ugasanga ari ugutandukira. Cyane cyane ko abantu bamwe bashaka gushyiraho kuba interahamwe ngo ni uko bagumye muri MRND cyangwa se bakayiba hafi mu myaka itatu y‘akajagari k‘amashyaka, ko rero ibyo ntaho bihuriye no kuba interahamwe, cyangwa se kwishora mu bwicanyi. Ese ubundi amashyaka atifitemo abantu baguye mu mutego w‘ubwicanyi ubwo ni ayahe, uhereye kuri RPF ubwayo yaranzwe n‘ubwicanyi karundura? Ikindi kandi bamwe birengagiza, ni uko kuri FPR Inkotanyi iyo ivuga ko abantu ari interahamwe, iba ishaka kuvuga abahutu muri rusange. Ibyo rero gushaka gushyiraho leta yo mu buhungiro ngo yitandukanya n‘abo bita interahamwe, nasangaga ari umutego wo kubiba amacakubiri mu bantu, kandi aho ibintu bigeze ndabona ntaribeshye mu bishishozi bwanjye mu kudaha agaciro ibyo byiswe ko ari gouvernement ikorera mu buhungiro!

Icyo twakwibaza rero aha ngaha, byari ngombwa ko hajyaho leta ikorera mu buhungiro, igiyeho mu buryo navuzeho, kugira ngo abantu babashe bahangane nyabyo na FPR Inkotanyi, dore ko bamwe bagaragazaga ko ngo yacitse umutwe, bityo gufata ubutegetsi ngo bikaba byakoroha? Ni kuki mbese abo bahamagarira abaturage revolusiyo ataba ari RPF iri kubibashishikariza ubwayo igira ngo yice abaturage!? Ni hehe mbese bavana amakuru ko Prezida w‘u Rwanda atakiriho, niba atari RPF ibarohamo ayo makuru igamije kujijisha abantu!? Ese ahubwo Gouvernement yo mu buhungiro ubwayo ubu yagira agaciro!? Aha ngaha rero igisubizo cyanjye ni Hoya, nta guvernement ikorera mu buhungiro ishobora kugira agaciro igihe cyose abantu bagicitsemo ibice ku buryo bugaragara, ubwiyunge muri bo bukiri kure nk‘ukwezi, bagishinjanya bamwe ku bandi ngo ni interahamwe abandi ngo ni abamoderés, ibyo bintu byose uko byavumbutse mu myaka ya 92-93 bigasenya umuryango nyarwanda, na n‘ubu leta ivutse muri ubwo buryo ntabwo ishobora kugira icyo yamara. Si iyo noneho ari abantu bishyizeho hakurikijwe impamvu zitazwi, nta efforts na busa zikozwe zo guhuza tendences zinyuranye z‘abanyarwanda ngo babashe kwiyunga, ahubwo hagakomeza ibyo gucagagurana bamwe biyita abahutu moderés, abandi ngo ni abahezanguni, nta na criteres ihereweho mu by‘ukuri igaragaza ubwo buhezanguni buvugwa! Muri urwo rwego haba hariho abanyapolitiki bamwe ngo batekereje ibyo guhuza abantu bakoresheje ibyo bise politiki yo kubaka ibiraro (Bridge builder: RBB), ariko nyuma baza gusanga bose ngo bariho bacengana, ibyo guhuza abantu biza kubasenyukiraho gutyo. Leta yo mu buhungiro rero yaba ishingiye kuki, niba n‘iyo initiative yo kubaka ibiraro mu banyarwanda yarananiranye rugikubita!?

2. Leta ya murimbo ki igihe ifatiye umusingi ku macakubiri n‘ibinyoma!?

a. Abapadiri ba Kiliziya gatolika bari inyuma ya leta ikorera mu buhungiro baba bagamije kugera kuki?

Mu minsi ishize naratangaye ubwo nabonye ngabweho ibitero n‘abapadiri b‘abanyarwanda baba mu gihugu cya Espagne aho bagiraga bati wowe Tewofili turakuzi neza uri Inyenzi kandi ukorera Inyenzi! Bwari ubwa mbere numva abantu banyise Inyenzi, kubera ko kunyita Interahamwe byo nasaga n‘aho nabimenyereye, ariko ibyo by‘Inyenzi byarantunguye, cyane cyane biturutse mu kanwa k‘abantu b‘abapadiri! Ntibyaciriye aho kuko banshinjaga ko kuba ndashyigikiye leta yo mu buhungiro byaba ari ku mpamvu y‘uko nkorana n‘Inyenzi! Nari nsanzwe nzi ko hari abapadiri koko bigaragaje ko bashyigikiye iyo leta yo mu buhungiro baba ku mugabane wa Amerika, iyo za Canada na USA, ariko kumenya ko hari abapadiri benshi ba kiliziya gatolika bari ku mugabane w‘Uburayi ngo bashyigikiye iyo leta yo mu buhungiro byarantuguye, n‘ubwo bitantangaje cyane. Gusa byatumye mbaririza aho ibyo byaba byaraturutse ko ngo nkorera Inyenzi kugeza ubwo bikwirakwira mu bapadiri, nza kumenya ko iyo leta yo mu buhungiro ubwayo itabibuzemo uruhare, ariko nabwo nibaza ari ku yihe mpamvu abantu bagera ku mwanzuro yuko ndi „Inyenzi!“ Nyuma naje guhabwa ibisobanuro na bamwe, bituma mbona neza uburyo ibinyoma n‘amacakubiri biri kubibwa mu bantu hitwajwe leta ikorera mu buhungiro, ariko mu bigaragara ababiri inyuma bagashaka kwiyerekana ukundi! Mu bisobanuro kandi nahawe, ni uko bitagarukiye gusa mu gukwirakwiza ngo abantu bakorana n‘Inyenzi, ahubwo unasanga harimo n‘ibyo gusebanya  bigambiriwe. Ku bindeba ngo naba nkora politiki yo kuyobya abantu, kugarura ingoma ya cyami, ariko uko bizwi, hashize imyaka ubu ni icumi ntivanga mu bya politiki, kuva abayobozi ba Kiliziya babimbuza nanditse ibaruwa ibisezeramo mu 2013! Bavana he rero ko nkora politiki kandi ubu nta shyaka mbarizwamo, n‘iyo gouvernement bavuga nkaba naranze kuyitabira? Ikindi kandi nsanze ari ngombwa ko nsubira muri politiki sinabura uburyo mbimenyesha abantu! Ni kuki rero ubu bavuga ko nshaka kugarura ingoma ya cyami, mu gihe Umwami yatanze!? Muri ibyo kandi ntihabuze no gukabiriza ko ngo naba narinjiye muri politiki mu myaka yashize mu rwego rwo kwanga gukora imirimo nshinzwe mu kiliziya n‘ibindi! Ibyo rero byanyeretse uburyo abantu bashobora gutandukira, bibwira ko ngo bari kugorora ibintu, ariko ntibashake nabwo kubona ko ibyo gukwiza ibihuha no gusebanya ku bandi bishobora kuba umutego wa FPR, mu rwego rwo kurwanya politiki y‘Ubwiyunge bamwe twari twariyemeje mu myaka yashize dufatanyije n‘Umwami Kigeli.

Mbonereho gusobanurira abantu bose batekewemo ibyo bihuha, ko impamvu ivugwa ko ngo naba nkorera Inyenzi biturutse mu kuba narigeze mba mu bashyigikiye ko Umwami Kigeli V ataha mu Rwanda mu cyubahiro, ko ibyo bikwiye gutera isoni ababikwirakwiza. Mbwira abantu kandi ko politiki twarimo twe n‘abo twari kumwe itaduteye isoni, ko yagerageje kwegera Umwami Kigeli kuko ari umunyarwanda kimwe n‘abandi, wari ufite uburenganzira bwo gutaha mu gihugu cye no kukibamo yubashywe. Nta hame ryariho ko Umwami agomba kugwa ishyanga, kimwe n‘uko undi munyarwanda wese atakwifuza kugwayo. Ibyo twarimo rero ntaho byari bihuriye n‘amatwara y‘Inyenzi (=Inkotanyi ubwo nicyo urebye bashaka kuvuga). Politiki twatangiye twegerana kandi dufatanyije n‘umwami Kigeli yazaga mu rwego rw‘intego ubwanjye nari nari narihaye, haba mu mirimo yanjye cyangwa se mu bikorwa bya politiki nigeze ninjiramo, iyo ntego nta yindi yari Ubwiyunge mu bana b‘U Rwanda, iyo ntego kandi nkaba nyikomeje kuko nzi ko ari iy‘agaciro. Twe twakuriye muri politiki ya MRND yageragezaga kunywanisha abahutu n‘abatutsi, na n‘ubu kandi iyo ntego nziza ya Prezida Habyarimana n‘ubwo atari akiriho twumvaga ko igomba gukomeza, abantu bakagerageza kurushaho gushimangira demokarasi. Ntabwo duterwa isoni no kuba twarakuriye muri gahunda nziza yo kunywanisha abahutu n‘abatutsi. Umwami Kigeli yemeraga politiki nziza ya Habyarimana, n‘abatutsi bandi bose bashyira mu gaciro ntabwo bayobewe gahunda nziza ku gihe cya MRND. Ni kuki rero twakomeza kumira bunguri ibitekerano bya FPR Inkotanyi kandi twe tuzi neza ibyo twabayemo!? Aha rero twashyiraga imbere ubwiyunge dufatanyije na Kigeli, ubwiyunge butaziguye, ubwiyunge buzira uburyarya, Ubwiyunge nyabwo duhereye ku isooko. Ni ukuvuga twashakaga ubwiyunge kandi twumvaga bugomba gutsinda, ureke ibyo RPF Inkotanyi ikunze kwita ubumwe n‘ubwiyunge bufifitse, yitwaje ko ngo abantu ba mbere yayo baba bafite ibitekerezo bya Genocide bakomora mu mwaka wa 1959, icyo kinyoma cy‘amateka twashakaga guhangana nacyo.

Gukorana n‘Umwami Kigeli nta buryarya, kandi hakabaho kumvikana ku buryo bwiza abanyarwanda bayoborwa batekanye, ntaho byari bihuriye n‘Ibitekerezo by‘Inyenzi, nk‘uko abo bavuga ko bashyigikiye leta yo mu buhungiro babikwirakwiza. Ikindi kandi niba hari igihe Umwami Kigeli yaba yarigeze gushyigikirana n‘Inyenzi mu mateka ya kera, abamenye Kigeli V mu myaka ya nyuma bazi neza ko atajyaga imbizi n‘Inkotanyi. Kuki rero habaho politiki yimika urwimo abantu bakabyita ko ari leta? Ese ubundi ni ukubera iki abantu ubundi bagombye kuba baziranye, batagashyizeho dialogue mu bantu mbere yo gushyiraho za leta zidasobanutse, ibyo bakora urebye bahereye ku musingi mubi ngo ni ugukumira ibitekerezo by‘Inyenzi!? Ni kuki abantu bahubuka mu gushyiraho za leta,  hatabanje kubaho ibiganiro bidafifitse bihuza ingeri nyinshi z‘abanyarwanda ibyo bireba? Leta zishyiriweho mu rwego rwo guhangana n‘abandi,  impamvu yose ibonetse hakaba gusimbukira ugize icyo anenga hafi kufata mu mashati ngo ararwanya opposition, ibyo biba bihatse iki uretse umuco mubi wo guhembera inabi n‘urugomo mu bantu?! Opposition se ahubwo kuri nde, mu yihe parlement, mu kihe gihugu, ihangana n‘abandi banyarwanda bitari ngombwa kandi ikavuga ko ari leta ibahagarariye!? Birumvikana ko leta igiyeho ityo ngo iri guhangana n‘abantu ku mpamvu zitumvikana, iba yubakiye ku binyoma, nta n‘ikindi yageraho uretse gukomeza kubiba amacakubri mu bantu n‘iyo yakwitwaza ko ngo iri ku rugamba rwo guhashya Inkotanyi!

b. Icyari kigamijwe mu gukorana n‘umwami Kigeli

Aha ndagirango nsobanurire abagejejweho amabwire adafite shinge, cyane cyane abapadiri bumva batarasobanukiwe uburyo byabaye ngombwa ko abanyarwanda bamwe bari hanze biyemeje gushaka ubwiyunge n‘Umwami Kigeli, ko ibyo bitari kandi mu rwego rwo kugarura ingoma ya cyami nk‘uko abakunda ibihuha bakomeza kubyemeza kugeza na magingo aya. Royauté constitutionnelle n‘ibyo bita féodalité (ingoma ya cyami) ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye. Kuba hariho souvenirs mbi ku ngoma ya cyami mu Rwanda rwa Kalinga, ibyo ntibivuga ko ubwami butarimo Kalinga butashoboka. Ni kimwe ni uko abantu bashobora kuvuga ko bafite Republika mu bigaragara, ariko Systeme ari iya Kalinga. Appellation y‘imiterere y‘ubuyobozi bw‘igihugu sicyo kibazo, ahubwo ikibazo ni ubutegetsi butarangwamo demokarasi. Umukuru w‘igihugu nyawe ni uzana ubumwe n‘amahoro mu bantu, yakwitwa Umwami cyangwa se Prezida. Umwami w‘umututsi ari Umwami w‘amahoro, akavanaho ubwikanyize bw‘ubwoko bumwe akubahiriza demokarasi, sinumva impamvu abaturage batamwishimira ngo ni uko ari Umututsi! Abantu cyane cyane abize bakaminuza bagombye ubundi kuba bifitemo notions z‘ibanze za civisme! Dore rero uko ibintu byatangiye, kugira ngo n‘abo bashyiraho za leta zihangana n‘abo zivuga ko zihagarariye basobanukirwe:

Ababizi neza kuva nahunga u Rwanda mu 2003, byabaye ko nkorana bya hafi n‘abanyapolitiki banyuranye uko bari mu mashyaka uruhuri nk‘uko tubizi. Iyo mikoranire ntabwo urebye ari njye byaturutseho, ni benshi mu banyapolitiki babyifuje, cyane cyane ko nari naravuye mu gihugu narigaragaje nk‘uharanira iyubahirizwa ry‘ uburenganzira bw‘abantu cyane cyane abafungiwe ubusa mu Rwanda. Ntabwo byari byoroshye kunenga leta ya FPR ku mugaragaro umuntu ari mu gihugu, bityo utabusya abwita ubumera, ndavuga cyane cyane ku bantu bari hanze batarakandagiza ikirenge mu Rwanda kuva Inkotanyi zajyaho. Kuva nava mu Rwanda nagerageje kwitanga ntizigamye mu banyarwanda bari hanze, gufasha abasaba ubuhungiro i Burayi mu kubatangira ubuhamya ku bibazo babaga bavuyemo mu gihugu, kwitabira imanza z‘ababaga bifuza témoins de contexte muri zimwe mu nkiko z‘i Burayi. Ibyo byose ntibyaburanaga no guterwa imijugujugu n‘intore z‘Inkotanyi. Ikindi kandi nagerageje gufatanya imirimo yanjye mu Kiliziya no kwitabira inama zinyuranye z‘abanyapolitiki, muri ibyo intego yanjye nk‘uko nabisubiragamo kenshi, kwari ugushaka ubwiyunge mu banyarwanda mbere na mbere. Ntabwo byari byoroshye, kuko nagombaga kenshi gukora ingendo hagati ya y‘Ubudage N‘Ububiligi, Ubudage n‘Ubufransa, Ubudage n‘Ubuholandi, Ubudage na Espagne n‘ahandi… Ibyo aribyo byose niyumvishaga ko ngomba gukoresha amwe mu mahirwe mfite yo gukora akazi kari flexible, mu gutanga umuganda wanjye mu byabasha kubanisha abantu, bakaba bagera kuri politiki ihamye yakumvikanisha amoko atuye u Rwanda. Numva rero nishimira ko uburyo nari  mfite bwose nagerageje kubukoresha muri iyo ntego. Birumvikana ko izo engagements zitari kubura kubangamira imwe mu mirimo yanjye mu kiliziya, kandi n‘abayobozi banjye ntibatinye kubimbwira, nsobanura rero impamvu ntashobora kwicara ntyo kandi igihugu cy‘amavuko gikeneye guhuriza hamwe imbaraga ngo abantu bahangane n‘ibibazo biriho. Ibyo rero abayobozi mu kiliziya babashaga kubyumva, n‘ubwo nyine hatabuzemo amajwi amwe y‘abantu abitwara intambike, ariko ntabwo nashobora kuba nakwicuza ko natanze imbaraga zanjye uko nshoboye mu gihe nari nzifite zihagije kandi nkiyumvamo umurava n‘ubushake.

Ahagana muri 2007 naje gutumirwa n‘abantu bari baribumbiye hamwe mu mutwe wa RMC  (Ralliement pour la monarchie constitutionnelle), ni ukuvuga ko babonaga Ubwami bugendeye ku itegekonshinga bwaba kimwe mu bisubizo byo kubanisha abantu, bakongera bakagira icyo bahuriraho. Ibyo rero numvise ari igitekerezo cyiza, cyane cyane ko nasaga n‘urambiwe amacakubiri atavaho yabaga mu mashyaka akorera hanze y‘u Rwanda. Aha rero niho twishyize hamwe tukazajya duhura. Bamwe mu bari bafite umurava muri izo gahunda navuga nka Christian Marara, Tite Gatabazi, Joseph Ndahimana, Theodore Mpatswenumugabo, Leopold Munyakazi, Hosea Niyibizi, Ismael Ntaganzwa, Jean Marie Gakwaya, Marthe Kayisheke Nkundabagenzi, Alfred Kalisa… n‘abandi n‘abandi, twiyemeza kugerageza icyo gitekerezo kidafite aho kibangamiye repubulika na demokarasi, kubera ko twagiraga tuti kuki ibihugu nk‘Ububiligi, Espagne, England n‘ahandi bagira royaute constitutionnelle, kandi democratie ikabungwabungwa! Ibyo rero nibyo twabashije kumvikanaho n‘Umwami Kigeli kandi abyakira neza, muri rusange twashakaga aho repubulika yavuye muri revolusiyo yagerageza guhuriza n‘ubwami, ariko abanyarwanda bagakunda bakabana, bagatunga bagatunganirwa.

Ahagana muri 2009, twaje gusanga dufite aho tudahuriza na Christian Marara wari uyoboye RMC, cyane cyane ko twashakaga ko igitekerezo dufite cyakirwa neza n‘abantu benshi  kimwe n‘amashyaka akomeye kuri repubulika yavuye muri 1959, ariko mu by‘ukuri ikigamijwe ari uguhuriza imbaraga hamwe z‘abantu batataniye mu mashyaka, hakabaho kureba inyungu z‘igihugu mbere na mbere, aho guhora abantu basandariye mu tunyungu utu n‘utu bakurikije ibyo biyumvamo bigendeye ku mitekerereze yabo ya politiki. Muri rusange twifuzaga cyane cyane ko duhereye kuri objet de conflit ikunze kuzana amacakubiri mu bahutu n‘abatutsi ariyo revolusiyo ya 1959, abantu babasha kubabarirana ku byabaye, buri gice kikumva impamvu ikindi gice cyari gifite, hanyuma bitavanyeho ibyiza byavuye muri revolusiyo, tugashaka n‘uburyo habaho ubwiyunge nyabwo hagati y‘abahutu n‘Abatutsi. Bimaze kugaragara ko bamwe tutumvikana na Marara Christian ku byerekeye guha agaciro ibyavuye mu 1959, twaje gusezeranaho neza mu kinyabupfura, tuva muri RMC, ariko abasigaye bensaba ko twagerageza gukora organisation yaba iha agaciro ubwami, kandi na repubulika yavuye muri revolusiyo ikagahabwa. Twaje kwishimira rero ko Umwami Kigeli amaze kubitekerezaho yasanze umurongo twe tugenderagaho ariwo umunyuze, yiyemeza atyo kugendana natwe aho kugendana na Dr Marara n‘abo bumvaga ibintu kimwe. Ni muri urwo rwego natangije umutwe mushya wa politiki mu 2009 mbisabwe na bagenzi banjye. Byaratunguranye kuko ahari bwari ubwa mbere humvikana Umupadiri ubigenje atyo, ariko nabonaga ko nta wundi nyine washoboraga gufata iyo responsabilite, nsanga kandi na circonstances icyo gihe mu bijyanye n‘akazi zarabinshobozaga!

Imwe kandi mu mpamvu iremereye yatumye habaho icyemezo cyo gutangiza umutwe wa politiki muri urwo rwego, byaturutse nabwo ku mwanzuro w‘amashyaka muri rusange yari amaze gusanga ko kwiyita opposition ya RPF hanze y‘igihugu, ko ibyo urebye ntacyo byari bimaze. Imyanzuro rero yarafashwe ko byanze bikunze hagomba kubaho gusanga abaturage, mu gihe amashyaka yiyita opposition yari yariyemeje guhangana kidemokarasi, ni ukuvuga harimo kuzibukira uburyo bwose buhutaza (Intambara). Bamwe mu mashyaka ari ku isonga, ayavugwaga icyo gihe cyane cyane yari PDP (Muri Partenariat Intwari ya Gen Habyarimana) na FDU, habaho kwiyumvisha ko gusakuriza hanze ntacyo bishobora guhinduraho ku bibera mu gihugu imbere, bityo ko niba ari inzira ya demokarasi bose bahitamo ko byasabaga kujya hafi ya rubanda, cyangwa se nyine mu gihugu imbere mu rwego rw‘ubwitange. Ibyo nibyo Deo Mushayidi yabanje gushyira mu ngiro, nyuma hakurikira Victoire Umuhoza wa FDU. Twageragezaga muri byose gushyira imbere inzira ya demokarasi mu gushyigikirana n‘ayo mashyaka. Gufatanya n‘Umwami Kigeli twumvaga ko byakoroshya iyo processuss, cyane cyane ko twabonaga Kigeli nk‘umuhuza, ku buryo abantu batekereza gutaha mu gihugu, ubuhunzi bukarangira bihereye kuri Kigeli ubwe. Hagati aho haje kuziramo na RNC ya ba Rudasingwa birushaho gutanga icyizere, tutibagiwe na Efforts za PDR ya Rusesabagina kimwe RDI kwa Twagiramungu, n‘andi mashyaka menshi yabwirwaga ibitekerezo Umwami Kigeli afite ku Rwanda kandi bikakirwa neza! Twari twariyemeje ko igihe icyo aricyo cyose Umwami Kigeli azasanga ari ngombwa tugomba gutahana twese mu Rwanda, hanyuma ibyo abantu bavugira hanze bigashyirwa mu ngiro bari mu baturage.

Imbogamizi twahuye nazo, uretse izo ku giti cyanjye aho abayobozi banjye mu Kiliziya bahise bansaba guhagarika ishyaka no kuva muri politiki, zaje kuba ko turi mu bantu FPR Inkotanyi kuva ubwo yarwanije bikomeye. Ntawasubiramo ibyabaye hagati aho, ariko byabaye gufata ingamba zo kwirinda cyane, nabwo bitabujije gukomeza ibikorwa twarimo. Umwami Kigeli kandi yaradukundiye, atangariza abanyarwanda ko yazataha mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2010, uretse ko nyuma yaje gusubira ku cyemezo ku bw‘impamvu tutabashije kumenya, ariko imyaka yakurikiye twabaga urebye twumvikanye ku gutaha kwe mu Rwanda. Ahagana mu 2013 nibwo abayobozi mu Kiliziya bakomeje kwibutsa ibyo kuva muri politki no guhagarika ishyaka, bigeraho aho rero nsanga nabishyira mu ngiro aho guhangana, ariko ubwo muri Afrika naho hari hamaze gutangira undi mutwe wa RPRK ugizwe n‘abasore  nka ba James Munyandinda na bagenzi be, ishyaka nari naratangije ubwanjye turarihagarika. Ibyo byatumye Kigeli V agira igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho icyiswe Inama y‘Umwami kugira ngo tubashe kumuba hafi, aho niho nashoboraga gukomereza ibikorwa cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kugerageza kunga amashyaka. Hari n‘igitekerezo Umwami Kigeli yashakaga ko kijya mu ngiro, ni ukuvuga table ronde internationale yagombaga guhuza abanyarwanda, bikaba intandaro yo gutaha kwe mu Rwanda, aho niho twakomeje gushyira imbaraga. Umwami Kigeli yaje kwitaba Imana iyo table ronde itagezweho, ariko mubo twari kumwe bose iyo akanya kabonetse bibutsa ko uwo ariwo murage w‘Umwami ku banyarwanda. Ku giti cyanjye rero, u Rwanda rwaba Royaume cyangwa se Repubulika, gukorana n‘Umwami byansigiye isomo ko u Rwanda rushaka kwiyunga rusabwa kuyoboka régime parlementaire, ububasha  bwa Prezida cyangwa Umwami mu kuyobora affaires d‘etat bukavanwaho burundu, bakaba abakuru b‘igihugu b‘ibyubahiro, démocratie parlementaire ikaba ariyo ihabwa intebe, abayobozi ba gouvernement bakaba abahagarariye amashyaka abaturage batoye mu bwisanzure. Ibyo kubera ko kugeza ubu ari Abami cyangwa se ba Prezida bafite ububasha busesuye bananiye abanyarwanda, imyumvire mibi yimika tyranie igahora iteza abaturage ibyago. Iyo mico mibi yose ya kera rero yaranze ubuyobozi mu Rwanda ikwiye gusezererwa uko yakabaye igihugu kikiyunga.

Ibi byose rero mbisubiyemo mu ncamake mu rwego rwo kwerekana ko abaza biyita leta yo mu buhungiro bakiyumvisha ko ibyo ari ibikorwa bibi twarimo, kugeza n‘aho gutera bamwe gutekereza ko twaba twarabaga mu bikorwa by‘Inyenzi, ko kubakira kuri bene iyo mitekerereze idafashe ku bandi nta kindi byaba  bisobanura kitari ugutera urujijo n‘amacakubiri mu bantu! Icyo navuga kandi muri rusange, ni uko kuri icyo gihe cy‘ubushake bwo gufatanya na Kigeli V mu gushaka ubwiyunge ari bwo niboneye ubwange imbuto nziza yo kuvanaho urwikekwe n‘ubwumvikane buke hagati y‘abahutu n‘Abatutsi. Mu nama nyinshi za Dialogue interrwandais byarabonekaga neza ko abanyarwanda mu ngeri zinyuranye bashoboraga kugera ku Ubwiyunge babifashijwemo n‘umwami, kandi ubutumwa twabagezagaho buturutse ku Mwami uko inama za dialogues zateranaga bwakirwaga neza. Ntihabura birumvikana abakoraga critique ngo guharanira ubwiyunge muri ubwo buryo byaba ari ubwenge buke bw‘abahutu, ariko nkurikije ko abantu bari bashyigikiye icyo gitekerezo abenshi bari injijuke universitaires, ikindi kandi byose bikaba byaranyuraga muri concertation, bityo simbona aho abo bavanaga ko twahisemo iyo politiki ku bw‘uko twaba tujijwe! Byambereye kandi ikimenyetso gifatika ko ubwiyunge bushoboka, mu gihe habayeho kwirindwa politiki zirimo umuvundo no gutera abantu kwishishanya, kandi ko urwikekwe rushobora kurangira abafite ubushake bwiza bose bafashe umwanya wo kumvikana bamwe ku bandi. Ugutanga kwa Kigeli birumvikana kuri bamwe byatubereye nk‘ikigeragezo, cyane cyane ko hatabuze ababoneraho kwishima abandi hejuru ko ibyo barimo ntaho byaganaga, ariko ababibayemo bose bazi neza ko byasize ikintu cyiza, biduha n‘isura ya politiki yaba ibereye u Rwanda mu gihe kizaza.

3. Guhiganwa (rivalité) gushinga amashyaka ya politiki mu bapadiri, byaba hari umusaruro byatanze?

Ahagana mu 2014 nibwo namenye ko umupadiri uvuga ubu ko anafite Guvernoma ayoboye mu buhungiro yatangije ishyaka, birantangaza cyane cyane ko twari dusanzwe dufatanya muri byinshi. Nibajije rero impamvu azi neza ko Kiliziya gatolika mu Rwanda idashaka ko abapadiri bashinga amashyaka, icyo agamije kugeraho ashinga irye. Ntiyari ayobewe ko nasabwe guhagarika ishyaka nari natangije ndetse no kuva muri politiki, ndetse ubwo ndumva ari mu bari baramaganye cyane ibikorwa bya politiki nari naratangije. Niyumvishije ko ari uburenganzira bw‘umuntu kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye bya politiki uko abyumva, ariko nabwo nkibaza ikimuteye guhangana na kiliziya, mu gihe azi neza umurongo ntarengwa twari twarahawe, ariko rero buri wese nyine agira impamvu ze. Icyo nakoze ni ukubaza ari ibiki byamuteye mu gushinga amashyaka, ansubije ko ngo yahisemo gukora nkanjye numva birantangaje. Niba yarashakaga rero kunyuzuriza aho ntageze, byaba aribyo ariko nabwo nibaza impamvu mu minsi ishize nasabwaga kwitabira cyangwa se gushyigikira iyo guvernoma ye, ni uko se bari bayobewe ko ibyo bya politiki nyine nari narabihagaritse!? Ntabwo rero nashoboraga gushyikira impamvu yamutera gukora ibyo yamaganaga, ikindi kandi byari byoroshye ko yabasha kungisha inama nkaba namusobanurira impamvu yari yaranteye kujya muri politiki n‘uburyo nari narabisubitse, kuko kuvuga gusa ngo yahisemo gukora nkanjye tutarigeze kubiganira numvaga bitumvikana! Ibyo aribyo byose numvise natanga rugari, nsanga ibyo kumva ngo abapadiri babiri basa nk‘aho bari guhiganwa mu bya politiki n‘amashyaka birebetse nabi, ubwo mpitamo nanjye ibyo bikorwa bishya bya politiki byari bitangiye kubihanga amaso nk‘abandi mu kureba iyo byerekeza.

N‘ubwo rero byanteyemo ikintu cy‘urujijo mu kwibaza uko byagenze ngo hajyeho irindi shyaka rishinzwe n‘umupadiri, numva nemera ko ntabura gushyigikira buri wese iyo abona hari umuganda we yatanga kugira ngo hagire icyahinduka mu gufasha abaturage bacu. Gusa icyo nibazaga, ni iyo rivalité mu gushinga amashyaka, isura byatangaga haba kubabyumva cyangwa mu Kiliziya ubwaho, nabonaga bitesha credibilité efforts zose twari dusanzwe dukorana mu gufasha abanyapolitiki hanze. Birumvikana ko ntishimiye imvugo za bamwe zipfobya, nk‘iyo habagaho kuvuga ngo „abapadiri b‘iyo iyo babuze icyo bakora bajya muri politiki!“ Ntabwo kuva mu Rwanda umuntu yitangira abaturage, kugeza no mu buhungiro mu gutanga umuganda we mu gukemura ibibazo, hazamo ibikorwa bipfobya ibyo abantu bagerageje gukora mu bwitange ngo bishimishe umuntu kubyumva. Mu by‘ukuri rero gushinga amashyaka, bivugwa ko bikozwe n‘abapadiri babiri, baturuka hamwe, buri wese yashobora kwibaza icyaba cyateye muri abo bapadiri, niba byaba ari rivalité, byaba ari ukurushanwa, kwerekana ko se ibyatekerejwe mbere byari biyobye, impamvu zose zizwi na nyirubwite!!! Ntabwo rero nigeze numva nakiriye iryo shingwa ry‘ishyaka rindi nk‘ibintu byaba bikozwe mu nyungu z‘abanyarwanda, ikindi numvaga izina ryahabwaga iryo shyaka ari ridicule ku buryo byatera ubyumva kubibonamo ikimeze nka comedie. Nibwira ko hari ababyitabiriye ahari bitewe no kumva ko ari ibintu bikozwe n‘umupadiri, cyangwa se mu kwibwira ko ari kiliziya yaba ibiri inyuma, cyangwa se bigaterwa nanone no kuba hari abasangaga inyandiko n‘ibiganiro mu binyamakuru bya internet byamagana akarengane babyiyumvamo. Ariko ko aho havamo ubushake bwa politiki bwagira icyo buhindura ku biriho numvaga mbishidikanyaho cyane nkurikije experience nari mfite n‘uko nabonaga abanyapolitiki hanze bakoraga. Nongeraga gutekereza ku nkubiri y‘amashyaka yo  mu myaka  itangira ya za 90, ngasanga umuntu wese utarabasha kubona ugutandukira kwabayeho icyo gihe ari mu mutego w‘ibintu atumva. Impungenge zanjye kandi naje gusanga zifite ishingiro nyuma y‘aho uwari washinze ishyaka yijeje abantu ibidasanzwe mu matora ya Prezida ya 2017, hanyuma hakabaho kuvuga ko impamvu bitaciyemo ari uko yabujijwe kwinjira mu Rwanda! Ngasanga rero urebye igikuba cyari cyaciwe ubwabyo ibyo kutabasha kugera muri ayo matora yari yavuzwe byararangiye ari isoni gusa!

Nk‘uko mbisuramo rero, ibyo byo gutangiza irindi shyaka nabonaga birebetse nabi cyane, bitesheje agaciro ibikorwa by‘abanyapolitiki bandi bari basanzwemo, bitabuze no kuba byatera icyo ni iki ku muntu waba asengera mu Kiliziya gatolika yibaza icyo ibyo byose bihatse! Icyakora uwo wavugaga ko ari politiki akora urebye ubwanjye namushimiraga ibikorwa asanganywe byo kwamagana akarengane, ariko ngasanga ibyo bidahagije kugira ngo umuntu abihindurire muri politiki. Niyumvishaga ko politiki y‘igihugu atari ukuvuga ngo kuko ukunda politiki cyangwa se ukaba warasomye ibijyanye nayo, ko rero ibyo bidahagije ngo bisobanure ko wumva neza ibibazo by‘igihugu n‘uburyo bwo kubikemura. Si uko umuntu yaba akunda football cyangwa se akaba yarasomye amategeko ayigenga, ubundi se akaba azi kogeza umupira,  ko ibyo bisobanura ko yashyiraho ikipi ashaka y‘abakinnyi ubundi akigira kapiteni n‘umutoza! Gusa gushyigikira ubushake bwiza umuntu afite, ntabwo nabuze kubwira uwo wumvaga azanye politiki idasanzwe ko namushyigikira mubyo nabona bigenda neza, ariko hagati aho mfata akanya ko kwitegereza icyo ibyo bimeze nk‘ihiganywa byabaga bigamije kugeraho by‘ukuri.

Hari rero ibyo nakomeje kubona byagiye bintera urujijo, bigera aho nibaza niba koko ari politiki igamijwe muri iryo shyaka rishya, niba kandi ari politiki igamijwe ikaba yaba ari iyo kugera kuki! Bimwe mu byanteye kwibaza cyane n‘ibi: Kwizeza abantu ibitangaza mu kubabohora, ndetse hakaba no gushyiraho igihe ntarengwa, nkibaza ubivuga ibyo ari iki yishingikirijeho. Hakaba kuvuga ko abantu batanze za miliyoni izi n‘izi ngo baba babohojwe! Nkumva ibyo bitesha agaciro ibikorwa bya politiki! Mu gihe twakoraga politiki, twe twari twarumvikanye ko ibikorwa byose biba abanyamuryango ubwabo aribo bishakamo ubushobozi bw‘imikorere. Kuri njye rero nkumva abantu bari gukora za fundraising zo kuvuga ngo abantu bagiye kubohorwa, uko kubohorwa kutaboneka aho kwaturuka, ibyo nkabibona nka scandale. Hari rero n‘ibyo byo guharanira intebe mu Rugwiro, gutangaza amatora azitabirwa mbere y‘imyaka itatu ku muntu usanzwe azi iby‘amatora afifitse ya FPR, ibyo byose bintera kuba indigné. Mu by‘ukuri uwari gushaka yari kuvuga ati bariya bapadiri barakora politiki ku bwo gushaka amafranga ntaho yari kuba yibeshye yitegereje ibyo bikorwa by‘iryo shyaka rishya! Ese koko niba harabayeho kuvuga ibyo kwinjira muri politiki ngo ni ugukora nk‘uko ubwanjye nakoze, urwo nirwo rugero naba naratanze, cyane cyane mu byerekeye financement z‘ibikorwa? Uko mbizi nta hantu na hamwe twigeze dutekereza gushaka financement z‘ibikorwa mu bo ishyaka ritareba! Nta n‘ahantu twigeze twibona nk‘ishyaka rihagarariye igihugu cyose! Franchement parlant, buri wese afite gukora uko abyumva, ariko hari ibiba bigaragara nk‘ibikorwa bitesha agaciro ibyo abandi bari gukora mu nyungu z‘igihugu, byaba bigeretseho rero no kubivangamo ijambo ry‘Imana, ukabona ari ukuvanga ibitavangika. Iyo habayeho kubwira abantu ko bazabohorwa, n‘ubwo batabona ari gute, yewe hakaba rimwe na rimwe no gushyiraho amatariki n‘iminsi, iyo ibyo bitabaye, ubwo biba bigomba gufatwa gute? Prophetie? Mythomanie? Niba ibyijejwe mbere byasabiwe amafranga, bitaba bibaye hakavugwa ibindi, nabyo bigasabirwa amafranga, ubwo abantu baba bagomba kubifata bate? None niba havuzwe ibigiye kuba mu gihugu bigiye gukorwa, wenda bitazanaba, hakagira abagira panique bagahunga, cyangwa se ibyo bigatera Inkotanyi kwigirizaho abantu ho nkana, responsabilité muri ibyo iba izagerekwa kuri nde?

Kubohorwa biza kenshi mu bivugwa n‘abo bagize leta yo mu buhungiro, gusa aha ni ukwibaza, ni ibizaba biciye mu zihe nzira, ibi rero bigatera ubyumva wese atekereza kumva ko harimo urujijo! Ijambo Revolusiyo ubwaryo ntirihagije niba igihe yaba inabaye nyuma yaho hataboneka icyaba gikurikiye. Printemps arabes nibyo koko zatanze urugero, ariko kandi si mu bihugu igisirikari kihariwe n‘ubwoko bumwe! Uko kubohorwa bivugwa kenshi, ubyitegereje neza akaba yabonamo ikintu cyo kwizeza abantu ibitangaza bikitwa politiki. Si iyo noneho habayeho gukurura amacakubiri ashingiye ku mateka, ibi byagombye gutera abantu kwifata, cyane cyane kwirinda kubijyanamo amadini. Numva ntekereza ko impamvu yose yatera gushyira abantu muri illusion ari ibyo kwamaganwa. Kuvuga ko umuntu yabaye cyangwa yigize Prezida w‘igihugu ari hanze, nsanga ari bintu bitesha agaciro urwo rwego rw‘igihugu ubundi rwagombye kubahwa. N‘iyo habaho kuvuga amagambo asize umunyu abantu bishimira, kwamagana abanyagitugu, ibyo ntibyagombye kuba intandaro yo kwigira Prezida w‘igihugu utarimo, n‘iyo kandi byaba ikinamico rishimishije ngirango ibivugwa byose muri ubwo buryo ntaho byaba bitaniye no kurangaza abantu! (divertissement de mauvais gout). Gusa nanone ngatekereza ahari ko iyo divertissement yari ngombwa mu gufasha abantu kwitegereza aho ibya RPF Inkotanyi bigana, ku rundi ruhande ariko bikaba byanatera abantu abantu kurangara no kwirara, ndetse bigaha RPF urwaho mu gukomeza kuniga demokarasi. Ahari uburi kera iryo huzagurika ryazatera inspiration mu banyapolitiki, bakikubita agashyi bumva ko nta gukomeza gukinisha abanyarwanda, abantu bagakora politiki bibuka ko hari abantu ingoma ya FPR yaboreje mu magereza imyaka ikaba ishize ari myinshi cyane, abantu bakaba barenganye igihe kirekire batagira ubibuka.

4. Non-violence active nk‘intandaro yo gukora politiki yo kwizeza ibitangaza!?

Mu mwaka wa 2008 niho nigeze ntumirwa n‘uvuga ubu ako ahagarariye leta ikorera mu buhungiro, twagombaga guhurira mu gihugu cy‘Ubufransa aho yari atuye. Ubutumire narabwitabiriye nk‘uko nari nsanzwe nitabira inama z‘abahagarariye amashyaka hirya no hino, ariko kugeza icyo gihe nta shyaka birumvikana ryari ryagashinzwe n‘umupadiri. Impamvu y‘ubutumire nayimenye mpageze, kuko nahasanze Victiore Ingabire, hari hatumiwe kandi n‘abandi bapadiri basanzwe baharanira ko ibintu byahinduka mu gihugu. Gahunda y‘uwo muhuro yari ugushaka uburyo twashyigikira Victoire Ingabire, waboneyeho kudusobanurira ko asanga ibyo gukomeza kuvugira hanze nta musaruro, ko igihe rero cyari kigeze cyo gusanga abaturage aho bari, ko indi politiki yose yaba ikorerwa hanze bimaze kuboneka ko ntacyo bimariye abantu.

Igitekerezo Victoire Umuhoza yari afite twaragishimye, ariko rero njye bintera amatsiko yo kumenya uko FDU iteganya kubyifatamo, mu gihe twese tuzi imikorere ya FPR Inkotanyi, nibwo rero natangajwe N‘uko Victiore Ingabire yari amaze igihe ngo yigishwa ibyo bita Non -Violence active, akaba ngo yari amaze ahari kuba ari convaincue ko ari uburyo bwagamburuza Inkotanyi. Birumvikana ko numvise ntangaye, ko habayeho ibyo byo kwigisha amashyaka hanze ko Non Violence active hari icyo yakora kuri regime tuzi nk‘iyi Inkotanyi. Gusa mu gutekerereza hamwe twagize tuti ntawamenya, wenda byagira koko icyo bitanga, ariko muri njye imbere nakomeje kuba sceptique, nsanga ibyo byo gutoza amashyaka Non-Violence active bimeze nko gusinziriza amashyaka yari asanzwe atekereza ubundi buryo bushoboka bwo kwivana mu kibazo RPF yashyizemo u Rwanda.

Ntabwo rero byantangaje kubona harabayeho ibyo byo gushyira mu mashyaka ibyerekyeye Non-Violence, cyane cyane ko ntari nyobewe ko kuva twiga mu Nyakibanda, uvuga ko afite leta ikorera mu buhungiro ibyo ari ibintu yari ashyushyemo. Birumvikana ko igitekerezo cyitwaga „Kwirenganura nta nabi“ twese twagishyigikiraga. Ntabwo ryari isomo mu yigwa mu iseminari nkuru, ni ukuvuga ko ari inyigisho ku ruhande abatureraga mu iseminari bazanaga abantu ngo batwigishe nyuma y‘amasomo. Twumvaga ari bintu purement theorique, bivanzemo na spiritualité, ariko ko byahinduka intwaro ya politiki ku giti cyanjye sinigeze ibyo mbyemera. Cyangwa se byaba n‘intwaro ya politiki, nk‘uko bavuga ngo c‘est l‘arme du faible, bikaba nyine bihindutse nko kwemera faiblesse imbere y‘abanyagitugu! Ikindi kandi n‘iyo abantu bakwiyumvamo iyo faiblesse, Non-violence active ikaba mbese yabera mu gihugu byibuze giha agaciro principes z‘ibanze z‘uburenganzira bw‘ikirewamuntu, bikaba rero uko nabyumvaga njye ibyo bya non-violence byari kumvisha abantu ko ari des faibles kuri FPR, ariko wanasuzuma ukabona nabyo bitashoboka kuri regime nk‘iyi‘Inkotanyi. Ikimenyimenyi kandi ni uko kugeza ubu nta mupadiri mu Rwanda wigeze ashyira mu bikorwa ibyo bya Non-Violence active tukiri mu gihugu. Kujya kubyigisha rero amashyaka hanze nabonaga harimo gutandukira, ariko nabwo ni uburenganzira bw‘umuntu gukora uko abyumva. Niba Victoire Ingabire yaremeye ko ibyo babimushyiramo bikamujya mu mutwe ni choix ze yakoze, gusa kugeza ubu aho Ingabire agereye mu Rwanda, nta kintu na kimwe kigaragara kijyanye no guhuriza abaturage hamwe ngo bashyire mu bikorwa ibyo bya Non-Violnce. Nta myigaragambyo ni urugero nk‘imwe muri methodes za non-violence ishoboka mu Rwanda, n‘abapadiri babyitoje kugeza ubu ntawe nari nabona ahamagarira abaturage kwirengnura ari mu gihugu imbere!  Ni bite rero, uzava hanze niwe uzababasha kugumura abaturage, batanamwemereye ko akandagira mu gihugu!?

Ubundi uko twabibwirwaga, abantu bazwi cyane nka ba Gandhi cyangwa Martin Luther King, babashaga gushyira mu ngiro Non-Violence active kuko ibihugu barimo byemeraga principe yo kuba wakoranya abaturage, ukabumvisha imbaraga bifitemo n‘uburyo babasha kwigumura ku ubakandamije. Uko tubizi kugeza iki gihe ntabwo Regime ya RPF yemerera abashobora guteranira hamwe bayinenga. Inkotanyi zifite kurasira abaturage mu kivunge nk‘uko zabigenje igihe cyose, kandi zigira uburyo bene ibyo bikorwa bibi zibyorosa ku buryo n‘amahanga yumva zisa nk‘aho zibifitiye uburenganzira. Ntabwo byumvukana rero ukuntu umuyobozi yahagarara ikantarange agahamagarira abaturage kwigumura kandi atabari hagati. Nko kubyerekeye Gandhi bivugwa ko kugira ngo abohoze abahindi ubwe yafashe urugendo ava iyo yabaga muri Afrique du Sud, yumva neza ko ufasha abaturage kwibohora kuri ubwo buryo ari uko yaba abarimo. Ni bite rero, ibyo tubwirwa twumva, bifite irihe reme ku buryo byahabwa agaciro?

Kuri iki gihe iyo ukurikiye ibivugwa na leta ivuga ko ikorera mu buhungro, wibaza niba ibyizezwaga nk‘inzira yo kubohora rubanda biciye muri Non Violonce active nabyo bitaratandukiriye bigafata indi ntera, ahubwo ndetse bigafata inzira y‘umunabi. Abakunze kujya ku nkoranyambaga ni kenshi bumva amagambo asa n‘ayuzuyemo urugomo. Bisa nk‘aho ahari abantu batoje ababakurikiye ko gushyira menaces ko ugize icyo avuga anenga ibivugwa ari „Nk‘uwashaka kwitambika mu nzira“, aha bikumvikana icyo bisobanura, ko ashobora kumererwa nabi. Hari ndetse no gutekereza ko haba ahari gitekerezo cy‘imitwe y‘ingabo, hakavugwa cyane FNL, wakurikira neza ukibaza niba ahubwo hataba hariho gahunda yo gushora abantu mu rugamba rw‘amasasu rwaba rurimo akajagari, kandi iyo ako kariho ntiwamenya ingaruka ibyo byagira ku baturage, cyane cyane ko FPR Inkotanyi kwitwaza ko hariho ibikorwa bya gisirikari ikarimbura abantu ibyo biramenyerewe. Nabwo birumvikana imigambi y‘Inkotanyi mu guhiga no guhungeta abantu bitera benshi kumva ko ari ngombwa gufata ingamba zo kwirwanaho, bityo ubatoza uburyo bwo gushirika ubwoba ubundi ubwabyo si bibi igihe cyose bidateza isubiranamo n‘umwiryane mu bifuza kwigobotora igitugu. Gusa nanone populisme nka politiki ibyo bikunze kugira ingaruka zitari zitezwe, iyo nta politiki ihamye iteganyijwe yo kuba yasimbura ubutegetsi bw‘igitugu buramutse buvuyeho. Ibyo byose rero bikaba ari ibisaba ushishoza wese kugira amakenga mbere yo kuba yakwitabira ibyerekeye leta ivuga ko ikorera mu buhungiro.

5. Theologie de la libération nk‘umutego wo gushyira urujijo mu bantu!?

Ubwo nari mperutse kuganira na bamwe mu bapadiri b‘abanyarwanda twari duhuriye mu Bubiligi, nabajije uko Kiliziya gatolika y‘u Rwanda ifata muri iki gihe ibyerekeye leta y‘u Rwanda ikorera mu buhungiro. Nk‘uko tubibwirwa, haba ngo hari abasobanukiwe ko ibya Non-violence active bidashobora gukora muri regime ya FPR, hakaba ngo harabayeho ibyo guhindura umurongo bakayoboka theologie de la libération, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo kubohora ingoyi abaturage bafashijwe n‘ijambo ry‘Imana, ubwo buryo bukaba bwaraturutse muri Amerika y‘epfo. Hari impamvu rero nsanga Kiliziya gatolika itari ikwiye guceceka kuri ibyo, ikaba yaburira abantu kuri ibyo bikorwa mu izina rya Kiliziya, cyane cyane ko biboneka ko hari abapadiri benshi babyitabiriye. Uretse no kuba iyo leta yo mu buhungiro byavugwa ko ihagarariwe n‘umupadiri, naje gutangazwa n‘uko hari abapadiri benshi bari inyuma y‘ibikorwa by‘iyo leta ivugwa, nk‘uko nabivuze hejuru ibyo nabisobanukiwe hari abapadiri bari muri Espagne bari bankozeho za attaques verbales. Mbese ko ntawagombye ibyo kugira icyo abivugaho, bitabaye ibyo ngo akaba abangamiye opposition!!! Ngarutse kuri abo bapadiri b‘abanyarwanda twaganiriga mu Bubiligi, bo bavugaga ko Kiliziya gatolika y‘u Rwanda ngo ntacyo ikwiye kubivugaho. Ingingo batangaga, ngo Kiliziya y‘u Rwanda yakoze umurimo wayo ihagarakika mu gipadiri uwo uvuga ko akuriye iyo leta. Ngo Umukirisitu cyangwa undi wese wakurikira ibyo by‘iyo gouvernement, ngo niwe ukwiye kwibaraho amakosa, ngo bityo n‘ingorane ibyo yabihuriramo nabyo ntazagire icya azabaza Kiliziya. Gusa hari impamvu kuvuga ibyo nsanga bidahagije, kubera ko Umupadiri n‘iyo yaba yarahagaritswe, ariko afite abandi bapadiri bamuri inyuma, kandi bakiri mu mirimo. Ni ukuvuga rero ko abantu ibikorwa n‘abavuga ko ari leta ikorera mu buhungiro byagiraho ingaruka, akari cyera byazabazwa Kiliziya ubwayo!

Ntabwo tuyobewe ko RPF Inkotanyi kuva kera yamwe irega Kiliziya gatolika kuba ariyo ntandaro y‘amacakuburi yagiye aboneka mu Rwanda. Hari ikintu rero gitangaje, mu bivugwa muri kino gihe, bivugwa ko biturutse muri leta ikorera mu buhungiro, usanga RPF Inkotanyi itakibyivangamo cyane. Bisobanura ko iryo huzagurika mu bapadiri bavuga ko bari inyuma y‘iyo leta ikorera mu buhungiro, akari kera uko bizwi Inkotanyi zishobora kuzabibyaza umusaruro, mu kubura na none ibyo kugereka kuri Kiliziya gatolika ibyagiye bikorwa bidahwitse!

Hari ibyo mbona abo bapadiri bose bavuga ko bashyigikiye iyo leta yo mu buhungiro bagombye kwitondera, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n‘ikwirakwizwa ry‘impuha. Nta gihe tutumvise mu myaka ishize ibintu byo gukwirakwiza inkuru zidafitiwe gihamya z‘abayobozi ngo bapfuye. Ibyo bikaba bimariye iki abantu gukwiza inkuru nk‘izo, kandi bivugwa ko ari abapadiri babihagarariye!? Si izo mpuha gusa kandi, kuko ntawabura kuvuga ibyo gusubiranamo ku nkoranyambaga, gutukaniraho, n‘andi macokori yose ameze nk‘ubupagani yaba akorwa hitwaje ngo ko ari ugukora politiki. Ibyo rero bigahura bite no kuba mu mwanya umwe hariho gukorwa ibikorwa bidasobanutse hitwajwe ngo ko ari strategies za politiki, mu wundi mwanya hakabaho gusoma za missa no kuvuga ijambo ry‘Imana? Niba ari politiki, abayikora bahisemo akaba ariyo bakora, hanyuma ibyo kwigisha ijambo ry‘Imana bidahuye n‘ibiri gukorwa ntibivangavangwe? Muri make rero ko ushishoza wese, arabasha kubona ko ibyo kuvuga politiki ya leta ivuga ko ikorera mu buhungiro, haba hifashishijwe Non-Violence cyangwa se uburyo bavuga ko ari theologie de la liberation, ko muri ibyo byose habonekamo ikintu kimeze nko gushyira mu ngiro imvugo izwi nko „Kuvanga amasaka n‘amasakaramentu!“ Birazwi ko uburyo bwo kubohora abantu binyuze muri theologie de la liberation koko bushobora kugira icyo bukora mu kurandura ingoma z‘ibitugu. Ariko nanone Kiliziya igira amabwiriza igena kugira ngo abantu batagwa mu mutego w‘igitugu cy‘ibitekerezo biva kuri marxisme, bishobora kuba byavanaho igitugu ariko bikimika ibindi bitugu bisumbije ubukana ibyariho, cyangwa se hakaba habaho chaos total muri societé. Leta ikorera mu buhungiro rero ikagendera kuri theologie de la libarition n‘iyo yaba ari mu ikinamico ni ibyo kwitonderwa, abantu bagasesengura neza niba koko hagaragaramo guhuza abantu nyabyo, kandi ababitoza abaturage baba batari hafi yabo bikaba byavamo umutego  wakwica byinshi kurusha ibyo ababirimo baba bibwira ko bashaka gukiza!

6. Imbuga nkoranyambaga zaba zishobora gushyira mu ngiro theologie de la liberation!?

Muri iyi myaka ishize hari ikintu gishya cyadutse cyo korohereza abantu mu ikoranabuhanga kubasha kuvuga barebana, bityo n‘amanama akaba yabasha gukorwa amaso ku maso, amashusho n‘amajwi bikajyana, ibyo rero ni ibintu byiza, yewe byafashije benshi kumenyana n‘iyo umwe yaba ari iyo igihugu giterwa inkingi. Communications zibera kuri youtube, abantu bakabasha kuvuga ibyo batekereza, nta kwikanga ko habaho uza guhohotera umuntu, bityo n‘ibitekerezo bikabasha gutambutswa. Abantu babaga bataziranye barakorana nk‘aho baziranye, ibyo rero bikaba bishimishije. Gusa uko bigaragara, haba kera cyangwa se n‘ubu, n‘iyo habaho koroherezwa muri communication, za media zigomba kuba icyifashisho cy‘ibikorwa, ntizihinduke intego y‘ibikorwa ubwabyo, mbese nko kumva ngo abantu bagiye bajya gushyingura ababo kuri internet n‘ibindi. Ikindi kandi niba habayeho koko ubushake bwo kwibohoza, ibyo bikwiye  gukorwa mu buryo bwirinda gukwiza ibihuha cyangwa kubiba amacakubiri mu bantu, ikindi ku muntu wese wakurikira ibiteganyijwe gukorwa akaba yabasha gutahura ko ibyo byubahiriza amahame ya demokarasi. Iyo rero witegereje ibikorwa ubu mu izina rya theologie de la liberation, wibaza abavuga ko bashaka kuyobora niba bumva koko Inkoranyambaga zikwiye gusimbura ibikorwa-ngiro! Ibi ntaho byaba bitaniye no  gukora ibintu macuri. Kubera ko ni urugero niba umuntu afite televiziyo, radio cyangwa ikinyamakuru gikora, ibyo ubundi en principe byagombye kuba biriho no muri realité, kabone n‘aho byaba mu bwihisho, ntibibe gusa ku nkoranyambaga. Gushyushya imitwe y‘abantu ku nkoranyambaga abantu bicaye muri appartements, bisa n‘aho bibusanya n‘ihame theologie de la liberation igenderaho ko abantu bigishwa babanje guhura mu makipe mato mato (communautes de base), ayo makipe akaba agomba kuba afite organisation mu gihugu kiberamo ibikorwa by‘igitugu.

Nk‘uko rero buri wese atekereje yabasha kubibona,  theologie de la liberation n‘iyo yagirwa intwaro ya politiki, ntabwo ishobora gukorwa kuri telecommande. Kubigena gutyo ko ushobora guteleguida abantu uri ku bilometero byinshi, haba harimo ikintu cya irresponsabilité. Ikindi rero kiboneka nk‘ikibazo, ni iyo bimwe mu bikorwa bishingiye ku macakubiri, hakazamo gukwiza impuha, aribyo bigaragaza malaise iboneka muri iki gihe, ituma ndetse bamwe bahinyura ibikorwa, kugeza n‘aho haboneka amatati akomeye ku nkoranyambaga. Iyo ibyo umuntu abyitegereje, yibaza niba abafitanye amatati bari ku nkoranyambaga, biramutse bibaye noneho ko ari abantu bari kumwe muri réalité umuriro utakwaka ndetse bikaba byagera aho kurimbagurana, aribyo natangiye mvuga ko ibyo mbona iki igihe byibutsa ibyerekeye amashyaka yo mu gihe igihugu cy‘u Rwanda cyanyuzemo mu myaka ya za 92-93 kugeza bibyaye 94 n‘ingaruka zose yayiturutseho tuzi twese.

Ubushake bwo kwibohora ni ngombwa, ariko byaba koko ari ibikorwa byitirirwa theologie iyi n‘iyi yaba iyo kwibohora, birakwiye ko ibyo byagombye kugaragaramo ubukirisitu mbere na mbere. Ariko niba bibaye imvugo ngo „la fin justifie les moyens!“, ni ukuvuga ngo icyo aba n‘aba bashaka kugeraho babikore mu nzira zose zifutamye uko zaba ziteye kose, habemo ibinyoma, gusebanya, guhigikana, gushyira menaces kuri bamwe n‘ibindi, kwinshingikiriza ko ijambo ry‘Imana mu kwereka uwo mutari kumva ibintu kimwe ibyo ushaka kumubwira umwigizayo… noneho se ibyo ntibiba bibaye ibyo kwitoza kuba ba machiavell? Ni ibiki rero guhigikana no gukorongana kwitwaje za bibiliya!? Niko se Kiliziya y‘ubu ibyo ibishaka? Bitaniye he ibyo no gutiza umurindi abo banyagitugu bibwiraga ko bahanganye nabo, abo bajya muri breakfast prayers bakahavana umugambi wo gutoteza no guhungeta abantu?  Si ngombwa kandi aha kugaruka cyane kubyo ubona nk‘intumero yaba yarahagurukije abantu bavuga ko bashyigikiye leta ikorera mu buhungiro, ni ukuvuga ibijyanye n‘amahari hagati y‘abantu baba biyumva cyane muri revolusiyo ya Kayibanda n‘abasangirangendo be, hanyuma bagatekereza kwegeka ibibazo ku bandi baba biyumva mu murage wa revolusiyo ya MRND ugasanga rwabuze gica. Kuki bene ibyo byakorwa mu zina rya Kiliziya? Ibintu rero nibisobanuke neza, cyane cyane Kiliziya gatolika isohoke muri silence, yumve ko ibivugwa muri iki gihe bishobora kuyitesha isura mu gihe kiri imbere. Kwitwaza ko umupadiri yahagaritswe, bityo ko abakurikira ibyo ababwira ngo bakwiye ubwabo kubyirengera, ntabwo aricyo kivanaho ko abantu bakeneye kumurikirwa, mu gihe biboneka ko hari abapadiri benshi bari muri ibyo n‘iyo bakora binyorobetse! Uko byagenda kose niba abakirisitu biyumva mu bivugwa, kubwo gutsikamirwa n‘akarengane, ni umwanya w‘uko babwirwa uko bakwiye kubyitaramo cyane cyane iyo ari abapadiri bari kubahamagarira ibyo kwigumura. Ni gute rero FPR Inkotanyi iramutse igiriye abaturage mu gihugu nk‘ibyo yagiriye abantu muri Kongo yitwaje abari kubasaba kwigumura badafite protection, ibyo umunsi umwe silence ya Kiliziya muri ibyo itazaba igaragaye nko kubura ubushake bwo kumurikira abantu mu bibazo bitaboroheye!?

7. Umwanzuro: Nihabeho Ubushishozi (sagesse) mbere yo gushidukira ibitekerezo byamamaza Revolusiyo no Kwibohora!

Revolusiyo cyangwa ndetse no Kwibohora ni amagambo asa n‘arimo magie, ariko iyo umuntu atekereje impinduka zikunze kuba mu bihugu nk‘u Rwanda n‘ibikurikira, byagombye gutera umuntu wese utekereza gufata amaferi, cyane cyane iyo ihame rya demokarasi ritari kuri ordre du jour mu bashaka impinduka. Hari impamvu ikwiye gutera abantu gutekereza kabiri, iyo habayeho abavuze ko bashyizeho leta ikorera mu buhungiro. Uretse no kubonamo ibimeze nko kwikuza kutumvikana, ubona harimo n‘ikintu cyo gutesha agaciro inzego zagombye kuba zubashywe. Byaba ikinamico, cyangwa se bikaba koko ari ubushake nyabwo bwo kuyobora, ariko ntibyumvikana uko abantu bagera aho kumva ko bashyiraho leta, bitaturutse byibuze dans la volonté populaire. Iyo noneho bibaye gushyiramo religion, ibyo byaba bihindutse nko kubangamira ku bushake umutimanama w‘abantu benshi baciye bugufi, aho bamwe bagira bati ubwo biri kuva mu Kiliziya y‘Imana byagombye kwakirwa gutyo nk‘aho nta kibazo kirimo. Ni kuyihe nyungu rero uwo mutego wo gukora manipulation waturuka mu bapadiri, kabone n‘iyo koko ibitekerezo byamamazwa byaba bigera ku nyota y‘abaturage benshi basonzeye ubutabera? Nihabeho rero gushishoza mbere ya byose.

Niba bigaragaye ko ubushake bwo kwibohora buri kugenda bukurura amakimbirane mu bantu, hakabaho amazimwe, kuvuga ibinyoma no gukwirakwiza ibihuha, kuzana amacakubiri no guhigikana, ni ikimenyetso ko abazanye ibitekerezo bivugwa ko ari impinduka bagombye kubyitirira ikindi cyose ariko batabizanyemo iby‘iyobokamana. Cyangwa se haba habaye ko ibyo bikorwa byo gutandukira nta torero rifashe gahunda yo kubitangaho imiburo ku bayoboke b‘ukwemera, hakabaho no kwemera kuvuga ibiriho bikorwa birimo ubupagani, kabone n‘iyo habaho kubyitirira theologie yaba iya liberation cyangwa indi spiritualité. Abanyarwanda banyuze muri byinshi mu mateka yabo, ku buryo hakagombye kubaho politiki ibafasha kwiyunga. Nta politiki itera abantu guhigikana no gucagagurana yagombye kwiyorosa iyobokamana. Abantu bakunze kunenga theologie de la liberation kuba yagwa mu ruhande rubi rwa marxisme, aho abantu bamwe bashobora guteza lutte des classes, abantu bakaba bavurungana kandi nta politiki ihamye iriho yo kuba yagarura ordre mu gihugu. Kuvuga Revolusiyo ntacyo byaba bimaze mu gihe iyo inabaye yazatera nyuma igihugu cyose kugwa mu mucuri.

Niba koko abantu bumva batekereza gushyiraho leta yazasimbura iriho yakabije cyane mu kurenganya abantu, mbere yo kuvuga ko hariho amakipi ya guvernoma nihabanze kubaho gushakashaka ingeri zose z‘ibice bigize abaturarwanda. Hanyuma haramutse hemejwe ko habaho organisation ihagarariye abantu, ibe ari organisation koko ivuye muri bo ubwabo. Umwami Kigeli yasubiragamo buri gihe ko hakwiye kubaho table ronde, iryo jambo kuri we ryabaga riremereye, ni ukuvuga ko hagomba mbere na mbere ameza manini y‘ibiganiro by‚ubwiyunge mbere yo gutekereza ibindi byose, byaba inzego cyangwa ishyirahamwe rusange rishyira inyungu z‘igihugu imbere. Democratie d‘abord niko Kayibanda nawe yakundaga kuvuga, na n‘ubu abamwiyitira ibyo batabivuze baba bashuka abanyarwanda. Politiki y‘ubwiyunge niyo ikenewe mbere na mbere, ibindi byose abantu bararikira nk‘imyanya y‘ubuyobozi ibyo bikaza hanyuma.

Iyo hariho za discours populistes ( zigumura abaturage) zikishingikiriza ku iyobokamana, uwo uba ari umwanya ku b‘itorero bireba guha abo bayoboye amabwiriza kuri ibyo, cyane cyane iyo izo discours zitabuzemo gukwiza impuha, guteza intugunda, gusopanya abantu bamwe ku bandi ndetse no gukurura amakimbirane agaragarira buri wese nk‘uko biboneka muri iki gihe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Aha Kiliziya gatolika ikaba ariyo yaba irebwa cyane n‘icyo kibazo, kubera ko niba abapadiri bayo harimo abakiri mu mirimo y‘ivugabutumwa biboneka ko ibyo babyitabiriye, nihabeho ku bayobozi kubwira abayoboke b‘idini byibuze ijambo ribahumuriza. Abayobozi ba kiliziya kugaragaza ko basa n‘abakoze démission kuri bene ibyo bibazo, bishobora gutera bamwe gutekereza ko nabo bashyigikiye ibyo biriho biba cyangwa se nyine ko babifitemo complicité. Niba bizwi ko Kiliziya gatolika yakunze kuregwa n‘abantu bamwe kuzana amakimbirane mu baturage, ni mpamvu ki rero abayobozi batatanga umwitangirizwa ahubwo bakaguma kurebera? Bibaye gukomeza kurebera, byaba bigaraye ko Kiliziya yaba isigaye ireka buri wese akikorera ibyo ashaka cyangwa abyumva?

Mu bihe bikomeye bijyanye no gushaka impinduka mu myaka ya za 50 irangira, ba Musenyeri Bigirumwami na Perraudin batanze amabwiriza asobanutse ku bireba imyitwarire y‘abapadiri mu bihe bikomeye. Abayobozi ba kiliziya b‘ubu rero mu kwicecekera byasa n‘ibyerekana ko baretse inshingano, bityo abantu bose bashyira mu gaciro bakaba bakwiye gutekerereza hamwe igikwiye gukorwa kugira ngo hirindwe icyo aricyo cyose cyaba gutandukira. Birakwiye kandi ko abalayiki (Abemera Imana ariko batari Abihayimana) bumva ko aribo ubwabo mbere na mbere bafite inshingano zo kwita ku bibazo bya politiki y‘igihugu. Kuba hari abapadiri babyivangamo cyangwa bakabizanamo akajagari ntibikwiye gutuma batekereza ko inshingano bafite zo kugena politiki y‘igihugu iboneye bitakibareba. Nibaharanire ko habaho ubutegetsi bugendera ku mahame ya kilayiki (laicité), kugira ngo hirindwe umutego uwo ariwo wose wo kwibwira ko niba hari abapadiri bivanze mu bya politiki ubwo habonetse Ukuri ko kugenderwaho. Birakwiye rero ko Abapadiri bumva bashyiraho leta uko babyumva, ko ibyo babireka, cyangwa se nyine ababyiyemeje bagahitamo byuzuye inzira ya kilayiki (Laic) bikagira inzira, hato ibyo bakora bidahwitse bitavaho byitirirwa idini! Guharanira ko rubanda rwirenganura nibyo, ariko hakaba kwirinda ko kuvanga amasaka n‘amasakaramentu byakwitwa politiki! Imana rero nirinde u Rwanda n‘abanyarwanda kandi irinde abayoboke b‘amatorero aho bari hose, ibahe gushishoza no kwirinda kohoka ku bitekerezo by‘ubuyobe aho byaturuka hose.

Theophile Murengerantwari

N.B. Ku bumva hari icyo iyi nyandiko ibabwiye, baba abo duhuje ibyiyumviro cyangwa se abashaka kubikoraho critique, banyandikira kuri Email: theomureng@Gmail.com, ibitekerezo nzabyitaho mu nyandiko z‘ubutaha kuri iyi theme.

Nous avons cherché pour en savoir plus sur la nouvelle première dame du Burundi, Angeline Ndayishimiye Ndayubaha, mais en vain! Nous n’ avons pu que trouver ça:

Madame Angeline Ndayubaha, l’épouse d’Evariste Ndayishimiye joue avec les pigeons de ville a Milan. Pour elle c’est un miracle que ces pigeons de ville qu’elle prend pour colombes acceptent de jouer avec elle. Ses pigeons jouent souvent avec les touristes qui leur donnent les restes de leur nourriture.

A part cela, nous pensons que quelques photos peuvent nous renseigner quand même sur la déjà bien aimee actuelle première dame du BurundiLors de la guerilla! Aux cotés de son mari futur président

Elle même, une guerilleros, une sportive?

Le terre des ancêtres, ça doit se cultiver, le mieux à deux

Derrière un grand homme, toujours une grande dame!

Vive la démocratie!

Hommage au Chanteur, Organiste et compositeur rwandais Kizito Mihigo

Plus jamais Ca!

Ntibizongere kubaho ko hagira Leta yakwiha uburenganzira bwo kwivugana abana b’abandi bantu!

Nta burenganzira Leta igira bwo kurobanura abantu nk’umuntu urobanura itungo mu bushyo bwe ubundi agakinja! Nta burenganzira nk’ubwo bubaho, haba mu mategeko aturuka mu ijuru cg ayashyizweho n’abantu!

Umuyobozi wumva ko yatorwe gukora bene ibyo bikorwa agomba kumva ko nta nshingano nk’izo zemewe, haba izavugwa ko ziturutse mu ijuru mu ijuru cyangwa se zigashyirwaho n’abantu!

(Theophile M) >>><>>>

Nos héros de 2018: Abayobozi b’amaradiyo yacu!

Kuva mu myaka ya vuba ishize, aya maradio amaze guhinduka nk’amashuri yuzuye ya Demokarasi! Kuba yahagarara ntibyashoboka,  kubera ko uko imyaka ishira indi igataha agenda arushaho gukaza umurego no kuyobokwa. Leta y’u Rwanda nayo ntiyayitesha kuko bigaragara ko ariho isigaye itorera cyane cyane muri iki gihe yamanjiriwe ( ideologically bankrupted). Amaradiyo agiye muri rusange ahagarariye ibyiyumviro bya politiki by’abayashinze. Niyo mpamvu rimwe na rimwe akocorana, ariko nta ribi, ni demokarasi nta kundi byamera. Hariho n’amaradiyo yigenga au vrai sens. Ibyo nabyo birakwiye ni Demokarasi. Icyo ahuriyeho muri rusange ni uguharanira impinduka mu gihugu. Iyi irakenewe. N’igihe bizahinduka kandi ntazabura gukomeza inshingano yihaye. Ni intambwe rero yo kwishimira. Abayobozi b’amaradiyo, kimwe n’ababafasha mu mikorere yayo, kuri twe nizo ntwari zacu z’uyu mwaka turi gusosoza wa 2018.

La Redaction, Le Mediateur

Agnes, Manager Radio (TV)Ikondera

Serge, Manager Radio Itahuka

Esperance: Manager Radio Ubumwe

Noble, Manager Radio Inyenyeri

Tharcisse, Manager Radio Ukuri

Jean Claude, Manager Radio Urumuri

Gaspard, Manager Radio Inkingi

Simeon, Manager Ijwi rya Rubanda

Joseph, Manager, Radio Ishakwe

Chaste, Manager Radio URwanda

We wahagurutse, agahara Ubuto bwe

Agasubiza ishema Umuryango we

Wari umaze kuzengerezwa n’Abanzi

Abo bari bamaze no Kwivugana Ise

Ari ayo maprisons baboheramo abo bashaka kwikiza

Nta cyigeze kimutera ubwoba

Mu Gusohoka muri prison kandi

Yakomeje kugenda yemye

Avuga icyo atekereza atikanga

Avugira rubanda ku Itangazo

Avuga ibyo benshi bagenda bavugira mu Matamatama

Ngaba Abanyarwanda baduha icyizere

ko igihugu kitaguye umucuri burundu

Amaherezo y’Ijoro burya ni Umunsi

La Redaction

Bwana Aloys Simpunga, Umuhuzabikorwa wa CCSCR

Barashaka kuzuzanya ntawivanze mu bikorwa by’undi. Abo ni abagize amashyirahamwe atagamije kugera ku myanya y’ubutegetsi

“Société civile” n’amashyaka anyuranye.

1. Impuzamashyaka P5 yibumbiwemo n’amashyaka atanu (RNC, PS IMBERAKURI, AMAHORO PEOPLE’S CONGRESS, PDP IMANZI na FDU INKINGI) atavuga rumwe n’irya FPR riri ku butegetsi mu Rwanda;
2. Impuzamashyaka CNCD (Conseil National pour le Changement Démocratique) ihuliwemo n’amashyaka atatu aliyo CNR INTWALI, RUD URUNANA na MRP (Mouvement Républicain pour la Paix et le Progrès) nayo atavuga rumwe na FPR iri ku butegetsi mu Rwanda;
3. Hali kandi ayandi mashyaka yari yaje yihagarariye nka RDI RWANDA RWIZA n’ ISHEMA PARTY;
4. Andi mashyaka atarahabonetse kandi nka PDR IHUMURE yakurikiraniye imirimo y’inama hafi kandi yemeza ko ibyo bose bemeza nabo babyemeje;
5. Hari kandi n’abahagarariye amashyirahamwe nyarwanda menshi adakora politiki yibumbiye mu rugaga bita CCSCR (Cadre de Concertation de la Société Civile Rwandaise) ndetse n’andi mashyirahamwe yandi atali muri urwo rugaga;
6. Hali ndetse n’abahagarariye Société Civile yo muli Republika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, nabo bali baje nk’indorerezi.
7. Mu ijambo rya Bwana SIMPUNGA Aloys, umuyobozi w’umuryango INITITIATIVE HUMURA ari nawo wari watumije iyo nama, yerekanye ko gushyirahamwe ibibahuza no kuvugira hamwe kw’abanyarwanda bali hanze y’u Rwanda ari ngombwa. Ubwo bufatanye buzabafasha kwumvikanisha akababaro n’akarengane abanyarwanda bakomeje gukorerwa na FPR, byagiye byongera intera uko imyaka yagiye ihita. Ikibabaje kurusha ibindi kikaba ari uko FPR na Prezida Kagame bashaka kwiyimika ubuziraherezo babinyujije mu ihonyorwa ry’Itegeko-nshinga n’amatora ya “Nyirarureshwa”. Muri iryo jambo ry’ikaze kandi, Bwana Simpunga Aloys yashimangiye ko uko guhuza imbaraga aribyo bizatuma bashobora gukora impinduka za politiki vuba kandi ku buryo bworoshye. Yarangije avuga ko impinduka zihuliweho mu bufatanye arizo buri wese azibonamo bityo zikazamara impungenge abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga kuko benshi bakeneye guhabwa ikizere ko ubutegetsi buzasimbura FPR butazaba bubi nk’ubwayo:
8. Voir Umunyamakuru.com (Source)

Diane Rwigara ati: « Ihene irabura mu Rwanda bakayishaka ariko UMUNTU yabura bakinumira »

Ku bahakana n’abapfobya jenoside yakorewe abahutu,

Jonathan Musonera arabasubiza ati:

niteguye gutanga ubuhamya ku byo nzi kuri jenoside yakorewe abahutu

Icyo twabivugaho: [NDLR]

petites differences pres…[NDLR] Voir quelque documentation

On the other hand, this revolution did not have to be violent. Three developments testified to this possibility. The first was that state independence was not just a Hutu demand; it was also made by Tutsi elites. The distinction between the two was not that one called for state independence and the other opposed it, but the perspective each had on the society that would follow colonialism. The second was that, in spite of the divide between Hutu/Tutsi political elites, one could identify political tendencies cutting across the same elites. The third was that most of the violence in 1959–63 occurred not at the time of the revolution of 1959 but in response to subsequent attempts at restoration. (

The root causes of the 1959 Revolution need to be explored in the changes wrought by colonialism, and not in the precolonial legacy. We have seen that when Mwami Rwabugiri centralized the state toward the close of the nineteenth century, he also made it the custodian of Tutsi privilege. Belgian rule had contradictory consequence for the Tutsi: on the one hand, it branded the Tutsi as not indigenous; on the other hand, it consolidated Tutsi privilege by a double move that affected all strata among the Tutsi. Up above, it made chiefship a Tutsi prerogative with the fused authority of the chief accountable to none but the colonial power; down below, it exempted the petits Tutsi from coerced labor. It is precisely because colonialism underwrote Tutsi privilege in law that the Tutsi, beginning with the elite, embraced the racialization of their own identity as nonindigenous. The claim that the Tutsi were nonindigenous Hamites was considered necessary for their privileged treatment in law. Not surprisingly, mainstream Tutsi nationalism presented the colonial construction of custom and customary power—specifically, Tutsi privilege—as authentic “tradition” and demanded that independence be a return to tradition. This was the standard independence rhetoric of nationalism in colonial Rwanda. Unlike in other African colonies, however, standard independence rhetoric, directed only or even mainly at the colonial power, was a marginal phenomenon in colonial Rwanda.

The colonial impetus on Rwanda was contradictory: it tended to stiffen the state while dynamizing society. As an energized society tended to generate new forces, a hardened state structure proved unresponsive to them. These contradictory tendencies led to an escalating and dramatic confrontation between state and society. On the one hand, the state was organized and nurtured as so many localized despotisms. Each of these saw itself as a Tutsi power, lording it over subservient Hutu subjects who were in turn sealed from the world of Tutsi privilege by the requirement to carry an identity card and by the legal impossibility—no matter what their life circumstances—of a ritual rise to Tutsi status. On the other hand, the same colonial power introduced a money economy and school-based education, processes that generated new influences and new opportunities, and in time gave rise to a Hutu elite. Locked into a subordinate status by a legally enforced identity, this socially frustrated group developed—for the first time in the history of Rwanda—into a political counterelite. In the changed context of a post-Second World War Rwanda, the Hutu counterelite was poised to tap the grievances of the Hutu peasantry against local despots who claimed their power was not a colonial imposition but a right by custom. (….)

…)

René Lemarchand has argued that the set of events known as the 1959 Revolution was in reality a confluence of two distinct social processes, one in the north, the other in the center of the country.6While “the revolution in central Rwanda was a social revolution in the sense that it developed its dialectic from the social inequities of the caste system,” he argues that a more “retrogressive” attitude shaped the revolutionary outlook in the north. The difference was this: “In seeking to evict the Tutsi oligarchy from its position of power the northern Hutu did not aim so much at the creation of a new social order as to revert to the social existence prior to the intrusion of Tutsi conquerors.”7 Lemarchand thus distinguished the key impulse behind the revolution in the north as ethnic, from that in the center as democratic.

“Northern Hutu” refers to the Bakiga, who lived in the former territories of Ruhengeri, Gisenyi, and Byumba. In the already-quoted words of P.T.W. Baxter, their “proud boast,” was “that they were never, as a people, subjugated by either Tutsi or Hima.”8 And yet, we need to keep in mind that the fiercely independent spirit of the Bakiga did not always automatically translate into an anti-Tutsi orientation. This orientation was the result of a historical development under specific circumstances.

The context that shaped the “northern Hutu” perspective was marked by at least three features. First, there was the historical difference between the incorporation of the north and that of the south and the center in the Rwandan state. Unlike the Hutu of central Rwanda who had been a part of the central court for centuries, and the southern Hutu who were subordinated to central rule before colonialism, even if only in the second half of the nineteenth century, the Bakiga of the north were subjugated to Rwandan state authority only with the onset of Western colonization. Second, while it is true that the Bakiga experience of colonial domination was coterminous with their experience of Tutsi domination, it is not true that their opposition to colonial and Tutsi domination automatically translated into an anti-Tutsi hostility. To confirm this, one needs to look at the actual historical revolt of the Bakiga against colonial and Tutsi domination at the onset of colonial rule, one that goes by the name Nyabingi. We have seen that this revolt was in reality a coalition of two forces: the section of the Tutsi aristocracy excluded from power at the death of Rwabugiri, and the Bakiga newly subjugated to this hardening Tutsi power. The revolt of the Bakiga was led by members of the Tutsi aristocracy who were bitterly opposed to the usurpation of power by the Abeega clan at the death of Rwabugiri, the most prominent of these being Muhumusa and Ndungutse. Key to its agenda was opposition to forced labor tribute (ubareetwa) freshly imposed on the newly colonized Bakiga. Third, this protracted rebellion against colonial authority and its Tutsi quislings made for a more arbitrary chiefly authority in the north than was imposed anywhere else in colonial Rwanda.

(….)

After commiserating aloud on the injustices of buhake, one of the Hutu characters in Naigiziki’s play,L’optimiste, asks his companion, “How long shall we have to wait until our injustices are redressed?” The interlocutor replies, “Until the Hutu no longer has the soul of a serf. For that he must be reborn.” The midwife of that rebirth was a political movement of the Hutu counterelite.

Unsurprisingly, most of the leading personalities of the Hutu movement were former seminarians. They had studied for the priesthood, either at Kabgaye or at Nyakibanda. For the Hutu who managed to ascend the Church hierarchy, every climb up the ladder put them in a context dominated by Tutsi priests. The influence of the Western Church—much like that of the Western school system—was contradictory. As an institution, the Church had been the primary force advocating the “civilizing” role of the Tutsi as Hamites. Accordingly, there was preferential entry for Tutsi into the priesthood, at least until after the Second World War. But as an ideology, Christianity was a source of an egalitarian impulse for the Hutu, not just for the masses who entered the Church, but particularly for the few who did manage to enter the priesthood.(….)

The Church was also the location from which the Tutsi intelligentsia defended “racial” privilege. Though its depth went no further than the colonial period, they defended it as a “tradition.” Members of the predominantly Tutsi Rwandan clergy were among the first to express public anxiety over the spread of egalitarian ideas among the new Hutu elite. The loudest warning came from Abbé Alexis Kagame, then Rwanda’s foremost historian. Without mincing words, Kagame wrote as early as 1945: “Certain egalitarian tendencies are advocated in front of those elements who are sometimes referred to as ‘child-like grown-ups’, without proper intellectual formation, which are bound to run counter to the common sense principles of most if not all of them.” Warning that “the path of progress cannot stray away from our traditional heritage,” he went on to champion a type of progress that would not question traditional authority. “Regardless of the type of socio-political system adhered to, one must avoid humiliating traditional authorities, either by disregarding their claims to leadership or casting discredit upon them in front of their subject under the pretext that everybody is equal. The conclusion the masses are likely to draw from all this is that progress, freedom, in short everything, implies contempt for traditional authorities.”23(…)

When the Hutu graduates of seminaries and of the Groupe Scolaire d’Astrida (now Butare) entered the job market in the mid-’50s and found there were few places open for an educated Hutu, they turned to the Church for opportunities. Literally shut out of jobs in the civil service and the private sector, they looked at their new positions not just as ways of making a living but also as opportunities to articulate their major social grievance: the institutionalized exclusion of Hutu from a Belgian-supported Tutsi monopoly over all avenues of social advancement. With the support of a sympathetic clergy, they took over Church publications—the most important being the Kinyarwanda-language magazine Kinyamateka—and began to address whoever would listen sympathetically, mainly Hutu masses below and visiting United Nations Commissions above.

(…)

The first ever visit of a UN decolonization mission coincided with a dramatic reform that promised to abolish the hated ubuleetwa and replace it by a mandatory money payment. That was in 1949, yet respondents in Kinyaga told Catharine Newbury that they continued to perform ubuleetwaservices until the revolution. There was clearly a big difference between the promise of a reform and the fact of its implementation, between the wider propaganda effect of the announcement of a reform and the social impact of its implementation on the ground. The Hutu learned the same lesson when the mwami and the Conseil Supérieur (High Council) decided to issue another reform decree to coincide with the visit of the third UN decolonization mission in 1954.24 The decree provided for the progressive dissolution of ubuhaketies and the distribution of cows held under it to former clients. Once again, the impact of the decree fell short of its promise. In the absence of a corresponding reform redistributing grazing land monopolized by Tutsi patrons, it left Hutu owners of cattle dependent on former patrons for access to pasturage. Just as with the previous abolition of ubuleetwa, the reform of ubuhake did not undo the ties that bound former Hutu clients to Tutsi patrons in a relationship both unequal and coercive. Not surprisingly, peasant protest against the arbitrary use of power by chiefs became the stuff of popular press reports in the postreform period.25

It was the taste of reform, and not the absence of reform, that convinced the Hutu intelligentsia that nothing less than radical change was likely to bring an end to the social plight of the Hutu.

(….)

hat taste was developed through an overall encounter with social and political reform. Political reform began with local elections in 1953 and a general election in 1956. The 1953 elections were the result of the decree of 14 July 1952. The elections were wholly indirect: not only was the role of elected councils “advisory,” but the electoral choice was limited to “suitable candidates” nominated by chiefs and subchiefs. In a context where the administrative power of Tutsi chiefs was still intact, the result was not an election but an opportunity for subchiefs and chiefs to register their power. Two tendencies testified to this outcome. On the one hand, Tutsi tended to predominate in the councils, more so the higher one went up the administrative ladder. So that whereas 52 percent of council seats at the lowest administrative level were filled by Tutsi, the proportion reached a whopping 90.6 percent when it came to the Conseil Supérieur du Pays, the highest council of the land. On the other hand, when Hutu were nominated to councils, they were inevitably Hutu abagaragwa (clients) of Tutsi shebuja (patrons).26

The final opportunity for reform from above was squandered in 1956 when Mwami Rudahigwa joined the conservative Tutsi tendency to defeat a proposal to provide separate representation for Hutu on the Conseil Supérieur. To appreciate the significance of this proposal, one needs to recall two facts. One, the Conseil Supérieur was the highest advisory body of the state and was expected to become the legislature of an independent Rwanda. Two, in that crucial period from 1956 to 1959, this body included only three Hutu, comprising less than 6 percent of its membership.27

(….)The contradictory and limited nature of the reform was clear for all to see: it combined participation for Hutu at lower levels with guaranteed power for Tutsi at higher levels. From the abolition of ubuleetwa in 1949 to the general election of 1956, nearly a decade of experience with reform convinced the Hutu political elite that nothing short of political power would crack the Tutsi hold on social, economic, and cultural resources.

(…)The development of a Hutu consciousness was a protracted affair, stretching from the time of Rwabugiri through the entire span of the colonial period. As late as independence in 1962, the “Hutu” of the northwestern region insisted on being considered Bakiga—like their neighbors in southwestern Uganda—not Hutu. Hutu consciousness developed in phases: before the Second World War, it was a consciousness of subjecthood that transcended all locally anchored identities; in the 1950s it became the consciousness of a people reaching for power. This development required a confluence of two movements: a genuinely popular movement of (Hutu) peasants against the local despotism of (Tutsi) chiefs; and, for the first time in the history of Rwanda, the emergence of a Hutu counterelite. Propelled center stage by a series of electoral contests, this counterelite put forth a program for the Hutu to seize power to overcome their identity as a subject people. Branded with a subject identity—“Hutu”—the counterelite emerging from the ranks of the socially oppressed held it up as a badge of pride: Hutu Power! In turning a chain into a weapon, Spartacus-style, it was neither the first nor would it be the last. One only needs to think of a related example: Black Power.

(…)How are we to understand the role of the “external” forces that intervened on the side of the revolution?52 Few would deny the internal significance of three “external” agents: the UN missions, the European clergy, and the colonial government. The triennial UN missions acted as catalysts, each time inviting a regular outpouring of grievances from different quarters. The European clergy came to function more or less as a backup force for the Hutu counterelite, providing it with everything from ghostwriters for manifestos and UN petitions to external contacts. On its part, the colonial government literally surrendered control over local government to the insurgents. Both the opportunity provided by the triennial UN missions and the support rendered by the European clergy and the colonial government were real and, at times, even critical. Without that support, there may have been no revolution, only a peasant revolt, joined to middle-class discontent. Yet, none of this made the 1959 Revolution any less real.53 We shall later see the same explanation surface in hostile accounts of the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) capturing power in 1994: as with Belgium and Guy Logiest in 1959, the role of Uganda and Museveni would be highlighted to explain away both the RPF invasion of October 1990 and its capture of power in 1994 as the outcome of an external conspiracy. While the role of external forces was real in both cases, in neither case can it substitute for an understanding of the internal dynamics of social processes.

The year 1962 saw a change in government in Belgium. The new government agreed to cooperate with the UN demand for a fresh general election and a referendum on the monarchy in Rwanda—given UNAR’s rejection of the Gitarama coup. When the UN-initiated general election followed, UNAR decided to participate. By now, conditions had changed dramatically: the machinery that organized and oversaw the election was no longer Tutsi. As one would expect, Tutsi power was routed once again: PARMEHUTU won 77.7 percent of the votes against 16.8 percent for UNAR.54 A referendum held simultaneouslyMany have claimed that the seeds of the genocidal violence that enveloped Rwanda in 1994 lie in the revolution of 1959.68 But the revolution was not a bloodbath. The highest contemporary estimate from a credible source of Tutsi deaths during the revolution is around two hundred. The fact is that it was not the revolution, but attempted restoration and the repression that followed, that opened the gateway to a blood-soaked political future for Rwanda. led to an equally massive rejection of the monarchy in favor of a republican system of government.(…)

(…)

Many have claimed that the seeds of the genocidal violence that enveloped Rwanda in 1994 lie in the revolution of 1959.68 But the revolution was not a bloodbath. The highest contemporary estimate from a credible source of Tutsi deaths during the revolution is around two hundred. The fact is that it was not the revolution, but attempted restoration and the repression that followed, that opened the gateway to a blood-soaked political future for Rwanda.

(…)

Politically, the invasion gave the upper hand to the Hutu power tendency. And its proponents acted swiftly. Once the invasion was checked militarily, they arrested some twenty leading Tutsi personalities in the country and executed them a week later in the town of Ruhengeri in the northern part of the country. The victims included one of the two UNAR members of government (Etienne Africa), and its president (Rudisitwarane) and secretary-general (Rwagasana) inside the country. It also included the president (Bwanakweri) and vice president (Ndazaro) of RADER. As opponents of Tutsi power who had chosen to return home to work in postrevolutionary Rwanda, they were killed because they were Tutsi determined to participate in post-1959 politics as Rwandans. The repression meant an end to organized Tutsi politics in Rwanda until the political reforms under the Second Republic. But the real impact of the repression touched both Hutu and Tutsi. By killing leading Tutsi champions of the cause of accommodation and reform, those who had fought restorationists among the Tutsi in a tooth-and-nail struggle, the repression strengthened, at a stroke, the proponents of Hutu power within the country and those of Tutsi power in exile. The former heralded a native postrevolutionary republic in which the Tutsi would be tolerated only so long as they remained outside of the political sphere, whereas the latter held on to the notion that the Tutsi were a civilizing influence with a right to rule precisely because they were different. In reality, these postcolonial twins, Bantu and Hamite, were ideological offspring of Rwanda’s poisoned colonial past.